SCHMUCKER, SAMUEL. 



SEDGWICK, ADAM. 



707 



flict between Austria and Prussia by proposing 

 a Confederation of the middle states, which 

 it was supposed would restrain the encroach- 

 ments of these powers. This project, how- 

 ever, was set aside by the outbreak of war 

 between Austria and Prussia in I860. After 

 ineffectual efforts to maintain an armed neu- 

 trality, Saxony placed her forces at the service 

 of Austria, and was in a few days completely 

 in the power of Prussia. King John tied to 

 Bohemia, and the treasures of the royal house 

 and of the state were removed to the same 

 country. The decisive battle of Sadowa hav- 

 ing placed Austria and her allies at the mercy 

 of Prussia, King William was disposed to an- 

 nex Saxony, but, yielding to the counsels of 

 Prince Bismarck, he was satisfied with the 

 fortress of Koningstein and a heavy indemni- 

 ty. Some months later Saxony became a mem- 

 ber of the North-German Confederation, and 

 lost the political importance she formerly en- 

 joyed. King John loyally accepted the re- 

 sults of the war, and cordially supported the 

 German cause in the conflict with France, in 

 which his troops acquired distinction in the 

 field. In regulating the internal affairs of his 

 kingdom, the late King, soon after his acces- 

 sion, relaxed the conservative policy he had 

 pursued, and supported constitutional govern- 

 ment and religions toleration. In spite of the 

 opposition of his nobles, who wished to pre- 

 serve their feudal rights, he established royal 

 courts of justice, and approved the abolition 

 of capital punishment by the Chambers in 

 1868. His son, Prince Albert of Saxony, who 

 succeeds him, distinguished himself in the 

 Franco-German War of 1870, for his admirable 

 management of the Saxon contingent, known 

 as the Twelfth Army Corps, at Gravclotte and 

 Sedan, and subsequently before Paris. 



SCHMUCKER, SAMTEL S., D. D., Emeritus 

 Professor of Theology in the Theological 

 Seminary at Gettysburg, and an eminent Lu- 

 theran theological writer, born in Hagers- 

 town, Md., February 28, 1799; died in Get- 

 tysburg, Pa., July 26, 1873. He was the son 

 of Rev. J. G ; Schmucker, D. D., an eminent 

 Lutheran minister at York, Pa., for many 

 years. He was an alumnus of Princeton Col- 

 lege, but for some reason did not graduate 

 there, studied theology with his father, en- 

 tered the ministry in the Lutheran Church, 

 and was settled for his first pastorate at New- 

 market, Va. He was active and influential in 

 the organization of the General Synod at Ha- 

 (terstown, in 1820, and in the establishment 

 of the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, in 

 winch he served as president and Professor 

 of Didactic Theology for nearly forty years, 

 and thus became the chief preceptor of hun- 

 dreds of Lutheran ministers in this country. 

 Subsequently, inconsequence of the infirmities 

 of advancing age, he resigned his position, 

 and was invested by the trustees with the 

 honor of Emeritus Professor of Theology in the 

 institution, which he held at the time of his 



death. In addition to his prominent labors in 

 the Lutheran Church, he took a deep interest 

 in the union of all Protestant Churches iu one 

 general representative confederation or al- 

 liance, and in 1830 published "A Fraternal 

 Appeal " to the Churches, presenting the 

 general features of a plan for such an alliance, 

 and recommending it to the favorable con- 

 sideration of all Protestants. He presented 

 this plan as a delegate at the meeting of the 

 Evangelical Alliance at London, in 1846, and 

 had since then at intervals called the attention 

 of the Protestant Churches of this country to 

 its character and practicability. Dr. Schmuck- 

 er's published works were : " The Chris- 

 tian Temple," 1824; " Popular Theology," 

 8vo, 1834; "Portraiture of Lutheranism," 

 8vo, 1840; "Psychology," 8vo, 1842; "Papal 

 Hierarchy," 8vo, 1845; "Discourse on the 

 Reformation;" "The Church of the Re- 

 deemer ;" " Christian Pulpit," 1846 ; " Spirit- 

 ual Worship of God," 1860 ; " The True His- 

 tory of Christ's Church," 1870. He had also 

 translated " Storr and Flatt's Theology," and 

 prepared the "Lutheran Manual," "Lutheran 

 Symbols," and " Lutheran Hymn-Book of 

 1828;" edited the Evangelitches Magazin, 1880, 

 and had been a frequent contributor to the 

 Biblical Repository, the Evangelist Review, the 

 Lutheran Obserrer, and other religious period- 

 icals, and had published many single sermons 

 and addresses. 



SEDGWICK, Rev. ADAM, F. R. S., F. G. S., 

 LL. D., Professor of Geology in Cambridge 

 University till 1865, born in Dent, Yorkshire, 

 January, 1786; died in Cambridge, January 28, 

 1878. He graduated as Fifth Wrangler from 

 Cambridge in 1808, became Fellow of Trinity 

 College in 1810, and in 1818 succeeded Prof. 

 Hailstone as Woodwardian Professor of Geology 

 in the university. Between 1829 and 1832 he 

 was President of the Geological Society of Lon- 

 don. Asa geologist he gave his attention chief- 

 ly to the study of the paleozoic and crystalline 

 rocks of England and Wales. He contributed 

 " A Synopsis of the Classification of the British 

 Palaeozoic Rocks " to Prof. McCoy's descriptive 

 catalogue of the " British Palaeozoic Fossils " 

 contained in the university museum collection. 

 His remaining geological works consist of 

 forty or fifty papers published in scientific 

 periodicals, and the "Transactions" of the 

 Royal, Philosophical, and Geological Societies. 

 Besides these he had published two pamphlets 

 on the "Right of Nomination to Professor- 

 ships," in 1823; "Four Letters in Reply to R. 

 M. Bevtrley, Esq.," in 1836; and a celebrated 

 "Discourse on the Studies of the University 

 of Cambridge," first published in 1850, and in 

 subsequent editions expanded into a volume. 

 He had been for some years Vice-Master and 

 Senior Fellow of Trinity College. In 1884, 

 Mr. Sedgwick became Prebend of Norwich. 

 He wns a conspicuous opponent of Mr. Charles 

 Darwin's theory of the origin of species by 

 inenns of natural selection, and was an es- 



