SPAIN. 



SPRING, GARDINER. 



719 



intention of subsequently marching south- 

 ward and destroying the cannon-lounderies 

 and gun-manufactories at Azpeitia, Placencia, 

 and Eibar, which had been occupied by the 

 Carlists. Having advanced, however, as far 

 as Zaranz and Guetavia, he found the road to 

 Cestona blocked up, the Carlist commander- 

 in-chief, General Elio, being reported to have 

 18,000 men under his orders between Zuinaya 

 and Cestona, along the Urola River. In conse- 

 quence of these reports Moriones deemed it 

 tlie best course to fall back to San Sabastian, 

 where he pressed into the service of his troops 

 all the vessels in the ports of San Sabastian 

 and Pasages, and after detailing the brigade 

 of General Loraa for the defense of Tolosa, 

 he embarked for Santona, in the province of 

 Santander, where he arrived on December 

 24th. Thence he hastened to the relief of 

 the town of Bilbao, which, since December 

 28th, had been beseiged by the Carlists. But 

 finding himself again confronted by over- 

 whelming numbers of Carlists, he for a second 

 time saved himself with his troops by em- 

 barking. 



The history of the insurrection in Cuba 

 presents no features of great interest during 

 the year 1873. After the establishment of the 

 republican form of government for Spain, an 

 appeal was made to the Cuban insurgents to 

 abandon their struggle for independence, and 

 to unite their efforts with those of the Spanish 

 Republic for the permanent establishment of 

 republican institutions, both in Spain and in 

 the colonies. The leaders of the insurrection 

 did not accept these propositions, and declared 

 that they would not be satisfied with any thing 

 short of the entire independence of Cuba. 

 The Spanish party in Cuba, especially the 

 volunteers, were too intensely monarchical in 

 their sentiments to cooperate with the efforts 

 of the new republican Government to conciliate 

 the insurgents. With great reluctance they 

 submitted themselves to the rule of the new 

 Government, never concealing their predilec- 

 tion for a monarchy, and their ardent desire 

 to see it noon restored in Spain. In August 

 General Maximo Gomez was appointed com- 

 mander-in-chief of the insurgents, to succeed 

 General Agramonte. He again occupied Nue- 

 vitas, August 25th, and claimed to have gained 

 several other victories ; but at the close of the 

 year the situation was not materially different 

 from what it had been for several years past. 

 Toward the close of the year an unforeseen 

 event appeared for a time to bring to the 

 friends of Cuban independence the sudden 

 realization of their wishes. On October 31st 

 the Virginius, a ship sailing under the Ameri- 

 can flag, was captured on the high-seas near 

 Jamaica, by the Spanish steamer Tornado, on 

 the ground that it intended to land men and 

 arms in Cuba for the insurgent nrmy. Four 

 of the most prominent Cubans found among 

 the passengers were shot on November 4th ; 

 a few days later Captain Fry, with a large 



number of others, was also executed. The 

 Spanish Government took prompt action to 

 stay the executions, and the Cuban authorities, 

 though by no means concealing their dissatis- 

 faction with the orders received from Madrid, 

 submitted. The universal excitement in the 

 United States, at the conduct of the Spanish 

 authorities in Cuba, for a time appeared to 

 make a war between Spain and the United 

 States inevitable, which the Cubans hoped 

 would not fail to lead to the immediate expul- 

 sion of the Spaniards from Cuba. The hopes 

 thus raised were, however, doomed to disap- 

 pointment, as the diplomatic negotiations 

 opened between the United States and Spain 

 led to a peaceable settlement of the whole 

 difficulty. (See DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE.) 

 SPRING, Rev. GABDINEB, D. D., LL. D., an 

 American clergyman and author, for sixty- 

 three years pastor of the Brick Presbyterian 

 Church in New York City, born in Newbury- 

 port, Mass., February 24, 1785; died in New 

 York City, August 18, 1873. He was the son 

 of Rev. Samuel Spring, D. D., an eminent cler- 

 gyman of Newburyport, and one of the chap- 

 lains of the Revolutionary Army. He entered 

 Yale College, and delivered the valedictory 

 oration at the close of his course in 1806. His 

 thoughts were first turned' to the law. He 

 was admitted to the bar in December, 1808, 

 and begun practice with favorable prospects, 

 but was induced to abandon the profession for 

 that of the ministry. He attributed, in after- 

 years, this great change in the current of his 

 thoughts partly to the advice of his father, but 

 still more to a striking sermon of the Rev. Dr. 

 John M. Mason, from the text, " To the poor 

 the Gospel is preached." He passed a year at 

 the Andover Theological Seminary, and was 

 licensed to preach toward the close of 1809. 

 Early in the following summer he accepted a 

 call to the Brick Church in Beekman Street, 

 in this city. Although he was frequently sum- 

 moned to posts of honor and responsibility 

 among others to the presidencies of Hamilton 

 and Dartmouth Colleges he did not abandon 

 his first field of work, but maintained for half 

 a century his reputation as one of the most 

 popular preachers of the metropolis. In 18G1 

 he removed with his congregation to the new 

 church on Murray Hill. Shortly before this 

 removal, Rev. William Hoge, D. D., of Rich- 

 mond, Va., had been settled as his colleague. 

 In 1861 Dr. Hoge resigned, and in 1862 Rev. 

 W. G. T. Shedd, D. D., was associated with 

 Dr. Spring, and remained as his colleague un- 

 til 1872, when he was called to a professorship 

 in Union Theological Seminary, and was suc- 

 ceeded by Rev. Dr. Murray. During the last 

 few years Dr. Spring had seldom preached. 

 As a preacher his style was direct, pointed, 

 and vigorous, and he never suffered the con- 

 gregation to slumber, but held their attention 

 from beginning to end. Dr. Spring was an in- 

 dustrious author. His works grew ont of his 

 pastoral duties, and consisted mainly of courses 



