744 



ITKKEY. 



The commercial marine is estimated at about 

 200,000 tons. The aggregate shipping of the 

 principal ports of European Turkey amounted, 

 in 1849, to about 87.6(10 entrances ; aggregate 

 tonnage, about 7,800,000 tons. The chief port 

 of Turkey is that of Constantinople. The 

 movement of shipping in the Suleina mouth of 

 the Danube, was from 1869-'70, as follows: 



v b. 

 Ton*.... 



ss, 



r,7',.;Vi 



18TW. 



18T1. 



.vj: i 

 M;I.:-.II 



The aggregate length of railroads at the be- 

 ginning of 1878 was 487 miles; the aggregate 

 length of telegraphs in 1870 was 5,556 miles 

 The telegraph between Asiatic Turkey and the 

 Caucasus was completed in July. 



The Turkish dependency of Roumania was 

 in 1878 governed by Prince Charles I., son of 

 tne late Prince Charles of llohenzollern-Si^- 

 m'irini:en. Prince Charles was born Anril 20, 

 1H39; elected Prince of Mourn niia. May In, 

 1866, married November 15. 1869, to Elizabeth, 

 Princess of Neuwied; issue, a daughter, M 

 bora September & 1870. The Senate consists 

 of 78 members, the Chamber of Deputi 

 1 '7 members, of whom 82 are for Wallachio, 

 and 75 for Moldavia; area, 16,817 square miles; 

 population in 1871 about 4,500,000. About 

 85.5 per cent, of the total population belong to 

 the Ronmani.i nationality, and about 92.4 per 

 cent. t'> ihe (ir.-rk oriental Church. Accord- 

 ing to tin- budget of the year 1872, the revenue 

 was V francs, and the expenditures 



78,085,842 francs; the public debt in isri 

 amounted to about 1-14,000,000 francs. Ac- 

 cording to a military law pissed in 1806, all the 

 natives from eighteen to fifty-two are liable 

 to military service, either in the standing 

 army or tho milithi, and a ballot-boi has to 

 decide in which of these two branches of the 

 national forces each individual shall be in- 

 rated. The stand iir,' army is divided into 

 - of infantry, numbering Iii.- 

 000 men, one regiment of chasseurs, 2,400 

 men; three regiments of cavalry, 1,500 men; 

 and two i ,.f artillery of 1,800 men. 



The imports in 1*71. were valued at 89,700,- 

 000 francs, the exports at 172,500.000 francs. 

 In 1872 the length of the railroads in opera- 

 tion was 531, and that of the telegraph-linos 



3,162 I: 



The present ruler of Servia, the other de- 



f Turkey in Europe. Milan Obrcno- 

 viteh IV., was born 1835, and succeeded to the 

 throne by the election of the Servian National 

 Assembly, after the assassination of his nude, 

 Prince Ml Hivitch. June. isi;s ; was 



rr.iwn.-d nt Belgrade, and a-sum.-d the govcrn- 

 ">en: -;:, ]M72. The le.'i-lativc au- 



thority is exercised by two bodies, the S 

 and the Sknptrhina, or House of : . 

 ativcs. The Senate consists of 17 members, 

 lattd by the people, and is perman.-ntlv in 

 MNioa. The Skuptchina is composed of 



gates chosen by the people at the rate of one 

 deputy to every 2.IIIK) eleetors. Every male in- 

 habitant who is above the age of twenty-one 

 and pays direct taxes, is an elector and eli-- 

 Domestic servants uiid gypsies have no politi- 

 cal rights and hold no government otlice>. and 

 ergy are not eligible to become members 

 of the .Sknptchina. According to the In. 

 for the year* 1>T1-'7'J the revenue wu- 

 440,000 "tax-piasters" (1 piaster=4 cents), 

 and the expenditure at 8 

 There is no public debt. The urea of Servia is 

 16,817 square miles; population in 1*71, 

 l.:;--'"i,437; of whom about :>.uoo are Moham- 

 medans, 1,500 .!<>. MO Protestants, 8,500 

 lioman Catholics, and the remainder members 

 of the Orthodox Greek Church. The capital, 

 Belgrade, had in 1871 a population of ^7.589. 

 The army, actually Under arms con-Uts of 

 about 4,000 men, with the exception of 

 cavalry and a small artillery corps, all infantry. 

 The strength of the militia is estimated at 

 about 70,000 men. The imports were valued 

 in 1870 at 139,000,000 piasters, the expor: 

 158,000,000. There were in 1873 no railroads 

 in operation in Servia; but the construction of 

 a road from Belgrade to Alexiuatz was begun; 

 I he HL'irrc^ate length of the telegraph-lines was, 

 in 1871, ti' i-2 miles. 



The ministerial changes in Turkey were, in 

 1878, as frequent a< they bud been in former 

 Rushdi Pasha, who, on October 19. 

 1872, had been appointed Grand-Vi/icr and 

 Minister of the Interior, was deposed on Keb- 

 ruarv 15, 1873, and Eswad Pasha, the Minister 

 of \Var, appointed in his place. Hussein Arni 

 Pasha was appointed in place of Kssad Pasha, 

 Minister of War. On March llth the former 

 (iraiid-Vizicr. Midhat I'asha, was appointed 

 r of Justice. Sat'rct Pasha, hitherto 

 Minister of Justice, was appointed Minister 

 of the Interior, and the former (iovernor of 

 Syria. Kashid I'asha. Minister of Public Works. 

 On April 15th. the (ir.and-Yizier, K- : ,d 1'a-ha. 

 was again removed from his otlice. On April 

 17th, llani'li Pasha, Governor of Kutshtik. was 

 appointed Minister of Finance. On May 15th 

 Uu.shid Pasha, Minister of Public Works, was 

 appointed Minister of Foreign A flairs, in tbo 

 place of Safrct Pasha; ami Muktar Pasha was 

 appointed Minister of Public Works. In Sep- 

 r Kiirshid Pasha was appointed Minister 

 of Justice in place of Midhat Pasha. 



The relations of the Sultan to the Khedive 

 of Eirypt were of a friendly character. The 

 hitter p. lid a visit to the court of ConsJanlino- 

 ple. which lasted for several weeks, and ob- 

 tained, on this occasion, a ncw.ft>m/ni from 

 the Sultan, confirming all the privileges pre- 

 viously con.', ..led to him. and authori/iiiL' him 



to increase the army and < elude treaties with 



foreign powers^.. I:..VITI. Tic vi-.it of the 

 Shah of Persia to the Sultan, dnrin:' the month 

 of Aui/iM. iravi- likewise an ocea-imi for the 

 exchange of friendly scntii > \). 



As it is still customary for all the Soonnito 



