36 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 



ARIZONA. 



value of the wool, hides, lime, and other prod- 

 uce locked up in the interior, and released 

 only upon the reestablishment of tranquillity, 

 was estimated at $7,500,000. According to 

 report, the principal officers who had served 

 under Jordan tendered their submission to the 

 national Government after the defeat. Gain- 

 za was rewarded with immediate promotion to 

 the rank of general. 



The most important event of the year was 

 the electioneering campaign, which was to de- 

 cide who should succeed Sen or Sarmiento in 

 the executive office. The three candidates 

 were Mitre, Alsina, and Avellaneda : the first 

 had already been President of the Republic, 

 was brigadier-general in the army, and had 

 been intrusted with diplomatic missions to 

 Brazil, particularly after the termination of the 

 Paraguayan War, in all which capacities he 

 had gained much popularity ; the second was 

 at the time Vice-President, and had been Gov- 

 ernor of Buenos Ayres ; and the third, an able 

 statesman and Minister of Public Instruction, 

 was universally esteemed as the stanch friend 

 of education. Shortly before the elections, 

 Sefior Alsina retired from the contest, and de- 

 voted his energies in favor of Sefior Avellane- 

 da, who was ultimately elected, and was pro- 

 claimed by Congress as the fortunate candidate 

 on August 6th. The elections passed over 

 with relatively little disturbance ; but on Oc- 

 tober 1st a rebellion broke out at Buenos 

 Ayres, headed by General Mitre, who urged, 

 as a plea for the step, that fraud had been 

 practised at the polls. The republic was de- 

 clared in a state of siege, the' National Guards 

 called to arms, and some battles fought with 

 varying success. Numerous arrests were 

 made ; Mitre tendered his resignation as gen- 

 eral, and received the support of the navy ; 

 the press was clamorous for the confisca- 

 tion of the property of the insurgents ; com- 

 mercial houses were closed, and commercial 

 credit postponed by a Government decree; 

 newspapers were suspended; banks closed; 

 wealthy citizens fled to Montevideo, and for- 

 eigners hurried to their consulates for pass- 

 ports, to protect them from the universal con- 

 scription. The Government demanded of the 

 Chambers an appropriation of $2,000,000 to 

 defray the expenses of the war; and, to en- 

 hance the general excitement, tidings were re- 

 ceived that Entre-Rios was in revolt, and that 

 Jordan, at the head of the insurgents was hur- 

 rying toward Buenos Ayres to join Mitre. 

 All public works we,re stopped, and thousands 

 thrown out of employment. On November 

 6th " the insurgent flotilla was near Buenos 

 Ayres, but no action of importance had taken 

 place. Mitre was .the favorite candidate in 

 Buenos Ayres, and 'the inhabitants of that 

 province were determined to have him re- 

 placed in power. 



About the middle of December Mitre de- 

 clined to pursue the contest, and came to 

 terms with the new administration. This ter- 



minated the civil war. President Avellaneda 

 entered upon the executive functions on the 

 12th of October. 



ARIZONA. This Territory was separated 

 from that of New Mexico, and organized by 

 act of Congress passed February 24, 1863. 

 No complete survey of the Territory has been 

 made. Its area is estimated at 113,000 square 

 miles, and the Territory contained, according to 

 the census of 1870, 9,658 inhabitants, exclu- 

 sive of Indians. Tucson, in Pima County, is 

 the capital, and largest town. Arizona City, in 

 Yuma County, is a prosperous business place, 

 situated at the junction of the Gila and Colo- 

 rado Rivers. Prescott, the former capital, is 

 situated in Central Arizona, and is the head- 

 quarters of the Military Department of Arizo- 

 na. The number of Indians is about 32,000, of 

 whom about 5,000 are on reservations, and the 

 remainder are nomadic. Many of these Indians 

 are friendly to the whites, but the greater num- 

 ber are hostile. Of the friendly Indians the 

 Pimas and the Maricopas rank first in numbers 

 and civilization. They occupy a reservation 

 on the Gila River, about 200 miles east of 

 Arizona City. The Papagos live south of the 

 Gila, along the line of Sonora. The Mohaves 

 and the Yumas live along the Colorado, the 

 Utes on the Upper Colorado, and the Moquis 

 and Navajos in Northeastern Arizona. These 

 tribes are engaged in stock-raising and agri- 

 culture. Of the hostile Indians, the Apaches 

 are the most powerful and warlike. They 

 comprise several tribes, distributed over the 

 greater portion of Middle and Eastern Arizona. 

 All of the hostile tribes are becoming more 

 peaceable than formerly. 



The mountains of Southern and Central 

 Arizona are nearly all mineral-bearing, and 

 contain lodes of gold, silver, copper, and lead. 

 Mining will doubtless constitute one of the 

 leading' industries of the Territory. But this 

 source of wealth has not been developed to any 

 considerable extent, owing to the lack of men 

 and capital. "What is most needed in the Ter- 

 ritory is a large immigration of good, sturdy, 

 industrious men with their families. Reports 

 from the Territory say that such men can find 

 or make plenty of work, at about the follow- 

 ing wages : Blacksmiths, per day, $4 to $5, 

 and board; carpenters, $5 to $8 per day; 

 cooks, per month, with board, $40 to $60 ; 

 farm-hands, with board, $30 to $60 per month ; 

 herders, $40 to $50 per month, and board ; 

 masons and bricklayers, per day, $5 to $8 ; 

 miners, $3 t6 $5 ; laborers, $2.50 to $3 ; team- 

 sters, $50 to $60 per month, and board. 



The prices of provisions are moderate, being 

 reported about as follows, at Prescott : Flour, 

 $10 per hundred ; bacon, 30 cts. perlb. ; ham, 30 

 cts. ; beans, 10 cts. ; coffee, 60 cts. to $1 ; sugar, 

 25 to 35 cts. ; beef, 20 to 30 cts. ; pork, 25 cts. ; 

 mutton, 15 cts. ; venison and antelope, 20 cts. ; 

 potatoes, by the ton, 3 and 4 cts. per lb., 

 but retailing at 5 cts. per lb. ; beets, turnips, 

 onions, and cabbage, 5 cts. per lb. Lumber is 



