AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND. 



national schools ; in others, it is limited to the 

 national schools. There is a university at 

 Dunedin. The number of schools is 397 ; of 

 these 24 are for boys, 13 for girls, and 360 are 

 mixed schools. The teachers number 602 ; 

 379 males, 223 females. The average attend- 

 ance of pupils is 16,510 ; on register, 21,034. 



Tasmania has a school board, under whose 

 supervision is the distribution of all moneys 

 voted by the Parliament for the purpose of 

 public education. In 1872, 139 schools were 

 in operation; the average attendance was 

 5,224; number of scholars on the roll, 9,979 ; 

 number of male teachers, 105 ; of female, 111 ; 

 of pupil-teachers and paid monitors, 31 ; aver- 

 age cost of each scholar, 2 6s. There are four 

 superior schools, Horton College, High School, 

 Hutchinson's School, and the Church Grammar- 

 School. The attendance of children at school 

 is compulsory, under a fine of 2, unless it can 

 be shown that the child is privately educated, 

 or is prevented by sickness or other valid cause 

 from being present. In the census of 1870 the 

 state of education among the population was 

 as follows : persons able to read and write, 

 56.32 per cent. ; persons able to read only, 

 14.04 per cent. ; persons not able to read, 29.64 

 per cent. At the date of the previous census, 

 in 1861, it was found that only 42.62 per cent, 

 could read and write, that 14.60 per cent, 

 could read only, and that 31.75 per cent, were 

 totally uneducated. 



The population connected with the leading 

 religious denominations of Australia and New 

 Zealand was, in 1874, estimated as follows: 



Episcopalians 750,000 



Roman Catholics. . . 460,000 

 Presbyterians 280,000 



Methodists 225,000 



Independents 50,000 



Baptists 40,000 



The Episcopal Church, at the beginning of 

 1874, had ten bishops in Australia Sydney, 

 Newcastle, Bathurst, Goulburn, Grafton and 

 Armidale, Melbourne, Perth, Brisbane, Ade- 

 laide, Tasmania the Bishop of Sydney bearing 

 the title of Metropolitan ; and six bishops in 

 New Zealand Auckland, Christ Church, Nel- 

 son, Wellington, Waiapu, Dunedin one of 

 whom (in 1874, the Bishop of Christ Church) 

 holds the title of Primate. In 1874 an assem- 

 bly of the Diocese of Melbourne resolved to 

 make the church in the colony of Victoria an 

 independent province, with the Bishop of 

 Melbourne as Metropolitan. An Episcopal 

 See was established at Ballarat, and others 

 will soon be established at other places. 



The Catholic Church in Australia, from the 

 foundation of the ecclesiastical province of 

 Australia in 1842, until 1874, had only one 

 archbishop, at Sydney. In May, 1874, the 

 Pope divided it into two provinces, the Bishop 

 of Melbourne being raised to the dignity of an 

 archbishop. At the same time two new bish- 

 oprics were established at Ballarat and Sand- 

 hurst. Besides the bishops of these two new 

 dioceses, those of Adelaide, of South Australia, 

 Perth, of West Australia, and Hobart Town, of 

 Tasmania, will be suffragans of the new Arch- 



bishop of Melbourne ; while six bishops, namely, 

 those of Bathurst, Maitland, Goulbourn, and 

 Armidale, in New South Wales, Brisbane in 

 Queensland, and Port Victoria in North Aus- 

 tralia, will continue to be under the Archbish- 

 op of Sydney. The foundation of the Catholic 

 Church in Australia was laid in 1820, when 

 two priests settled in the colonies, the one in 

 Tasmania, the other in New South Wales. In 

 1832 the Vicar Apostolic of Mauritius, to 

 whose diocese Australia belonged, sent his Vi- 

 car-General, Ullathorne, into the colonies, who 

 found there three priests, one unfinished church, 

 two unfinished chapels, and four free schools. 

 In 1835, the connection of Australia with the 

 Vicariate Apostolic of Mauritius was abolished, 

 and Dr. Folding, an English Benedictine, ap- 

 pointed Vicar- Apostolic of Australia. In con- 

 sequence of the immigration from Ireland, the 

 Church made rapid progress, and in 1842 Pope 

 Gregory XVI. appointed Dr. Folding Arch- 

 bishop of Sydney, and erected the two Dio- 

 ceses of Adelaide and Hobart Town. In 1845 

 the Church numbered fifty-six priests, twenty- 

 five churches and chapels, and thirty-one 

 schools. New dioceses were established in 

 1845 at Perth ; in 1847, at Melbourne ; in 1849, 

 at Port Victoria, or Port Effington ; in 1859, at 

 Brisbane ; in 1865, at Bathurst and Maitland ; in 

 1866, at Goulbourn ; in 1869, at Armidale. 

 The bishops of Australia have thus far held 

 two Provincial Councils. The first took place 

 at Sydney in September, 1844, and was attend- 

 ed by the Archbishop of Sydney, two bishops, 

 and thirty-three missionaries ; the second was 

 held in 1869 at Melbourne, and was attended 

 by nine bishops and a large number of priests. 

 The revenue, expenditure, and public debt 

 of the colonies were, in 1872, as follows: 



COLONIES. 



Revenue. Expenditures. Debt. 



New South Wales 2,794,274 2,362,482 10,606,030 



Victoria (1873-'74) 3,883,(i50 4,171,688 12,134,800 



South Australia (1873).. t33,000 733,000 2,167,700 



West Australia 105,300 98,248 35,000 



Tasmania 234,608 241,100 1,455,900 



Queensland M5,000 809,051 5,253,826 



New Zealand (1873-'74.)J 1,7 !0,500 1,128,000 8,900,991 



The following table exhibits the imports and 

 exports in 1872 : 



COLONIES. Imports. Exports. 



Now South Wales 9,609,508 11,245,032 



Victoria.. 13,689,629 13,871,194 



South Australia 2,801,780 3,524,075 



West Australia 226,658 209, 196 



Tasmania 807,182 866.131 



Queensland 2,434,486 2,560,383 



New Zealand 4,078,193 5,190.665 



The latest data concerning railroads and tele- 

 graphs are as follows r 



COLONIES. Railroads. | Telegraph-Wires. 



New South Wales.... 405 6,114 



Victoria 440 3,472 



South Australia 190 3,723 



West Australia 16 600 



Tasmania 45 291 (lines); 



Queensland 218 1,811 



New Zealand 105 4,011 



