78 



BACHMAN, JOHN. 



BACON, DAVID W. 



peace as long as possible, but her own interests 

 under all circumstances. Referring to the 

 recent meetings of European sovereigns, the 

 minister remarked that the exclusive object 

 of the exchange of views which had passed be- 

 tween their Majesties and their ministers was 

 the guaranteeing of peace. He denied and 

 refuted the assertion made by some newspapers 

 of political conventions having been entered 

 into at the last meeting for making a division 

 of the East and giving a new direction to the 

 foreign policy of Austria. Herr Scrinsez, a 

 member of the delegation, having pointed out 

 that Austria's maritime commerce was retro- 

 grading, Count Andrassy said the conclusion 

 of commercial and navigation treaties had al- 

 ways led to an extension of intercourse with 

 foreign countries in the interest of commerce. 

 On the occasion of the Emperor of Austria's 

 visit to Russia, he had been especially guided 

 by the conviction that the most intimate pos- 

 sible commercial relations afforded the best 

 guarantee of peace. Herr Czartoryski suggested 

 that the Bed-Book should not in future be is- 

 sued, but Count Andrassy refuted his arguments 

 and described the Red - Book as one of the 

 guarantees of constitutionalism. Herr Grass 

 moved that the expenditure for the post of 

 embassador at the Vatican should be struck 

 off the charges for the diplomatic service. This 

 motion was, however, rejected, Count An- 

 drassy having opposed it, stating that Austria 

 had no small interest in possessing the right 



of being diplomatically represented at the 

 court of the head of the Catholic Church, a 

 right which no other power had renounced. 

 He alluded to the process now going on 

 throughout Europe of separating the temporal 

 from the ecclesiastical power, and said that, 

 not only the interests and rights of twenty- 

 eight million Catholic subjects, but the rights 

 of the state and of the Emperor and Apostolic 

 King, which could not be abandoned, must 

 continue to be represented. The amalgama- 

 tion of the embassy to the Vatican with the 

 legation at the Italian court would be abso- 

 lutely impracticable, considering the notorious- 

 ly unfriendly relations subsisting between the 

 latter and the Roman Curia. 



An exhibition of great interest was opened 

 in October at Vienna, in the building erected 

 for. the International Exhibition, comprising all 

 the chief articles of produce and manufacture 

 which enter into the existing trade between 

 Europe and the East. China, Japan, Turkey, 

 Egypt, the East Indies, and Tunis, were all effi- 

 ciently represented. This effort to utilize the 

 great building of the International has for its 

 object to bring together in one centre all that 

 can illustrate the importance of Eastern com- 

 merce, and afford the most recent and valuable 

 information both as to the raw produce and 

 the manufactured articles hitherto in. demand, 

 their prices at different places, and the relative 

 rates ruling in those Oriental centres for Eu- 

 ropean manufactured goods of every kind. 



B 



BACHMAN, Rev. JOHIT, D. D., LL. D., a ven- 

 erable Lutheran clergyman, naturalist, and au- 

 thor ; born in Dutchess County, N. Y., Februa- 

 ry, 1790 ; died in Charleston, S. 0., February 24, 

 1874. He received a thorough classical educa- 

 tion, and entered the ministry of the Lutheran 

 Church in!813, andin!815 was settled as pastor 

 of the Lutheran Church in Charleston, S. C., 

 and retained that position till his death. He 

 early became an intimate friend and associate of 

 J. J. Audubon, and, being a zealous and care- 

 ful student of zoology, rendered him great 

 assistance in the preparation of his " Ornithol- 

 ogy," and wrote nearly the whole of the work 

 on the " Quadrupeds of America," which was 

 so admirably illustrated by Audubon and his 

 sons. His other works on natural science 

 were : " Catalogue of Phsenogamous Plants 

 and Ferns growing in the Vicinity of Charles- 

 ton, S. 0.;" "The Doctrine of the Unity -of 

 the Human Race, examined on the Principles 

 of Science " (1850) ; " Notice of the Types of 

 Mankind (by Nott and G-liddon), with an Ex- 

 amination of the Charges contained in the Bi- 

 ography of Dr. Morton" (1854) ; "Examination 

 of Prof. Agassi'z's Sketch of the Natural Prov- 

 inces of the Animal World, and their Relation 

 to the Different Types of Men " (1855) ; " The 



Characteristics of Genera and Species, as ap- 

 plicable to the Doctrine of the Unity of the 

 Human Race " (1854). He also contributed to 

 the South Carolina Medical Journal a series 

 of papers discussing the bearing of modern sci- 

 ence upon revealed religion. His relations 

 with the great naturalist Agassiz were very 

 cordial and tender. He welcomed him to 

 Charleston in 1852, and was very loath to hear 

 of his return to the North. But while Dr. 

 Bachman was thus active as a naturalist, he 

 did not forget his duties as a Lutheran clergy- 

 man and pastor. He was indefatigable in the 

 performance of his clerical duties, and won 

 for himself, during his long pastorate of almost 

 sixty years, the undivided love of his people. 

 Among his theological writings were, "A Ser- 

 mon on the Doctrine and Discipline of the 

 Evangelical Lutheran Church " (1837) ; " De- 

 sign and Duties of the Christian Ministry," 

 1848 ; " A Defense of Luther and the Reforma- 

 tion " (1853), etc., etc. In all the relations of 

 life Dr. Bachman was earnest, active, and cour- 

 teous. His efforts for the promotion of the 

 systematic study of zoology in the United 

 States were untiring, and attended with re- 

 markable success. 

 BACON, Rt. Rev. DAVID W., D. D., Roman 



