BLACK, ADAM. 



BOLIVIA. 



honors in 1806. While in college he preached 

 in Pawtucket, R. L, and, soon after his grad- 

 uation, was ordained pastor of the First Bap- 

 tist Church in that town, which relation he 

 sustained for twenty -five years with great 

 success ; but his tastes for historical study and 

 research were so strong that much of his time 

 was spent in this class of studies. In 1813 he 

 published his " History of the Baptists," in two 

 volumes, 8vo; in 1817, an "Abridgment of 

 Robinson's History of Baptism ; " in 1820, an 

 abridgment of his own " History of the Bap- 

 tists," comprising, however, considerable new 

 matter. In 1824 his " History of all Religions," 

 a thick 12mo, appeared; in 1848, a new and 

 enlarged " History of the Baptist Denomina- 

 tions in America and all Parts of the World," 

 in two thick volumes, 8vo, was published. In 

 1860, at the age of eighty-two, he issued his 

 "Fifty Years among the Baptists." He had 

 been engaged for the past twenty years in col- 

 lecting the materials for a new and greatly en- 

 larged edition of his " History of the Baptists." 

 He had also prepared "A Compendium of 

 Ecclesiastical History," and "A History of 

 the Donatists," both of which were left ready 

 for the press at his death. Among his earlier 

 works were a humorous poem entitled " The 

 Watery War ; " another poem delivered at 

 Trenton, July 4, 1807, and published by the 

 town authorities ; and a " Conference Hymn- 

 Book," which had a very large circulation. 

 During the greater part of the sixty-nine 

 years of his ministerial life,- he had been en- 

 gaged in preaching regularly, though not at 

 all times a pastor ; and -he retained his facul- 

 ties in nearly their full vigor till within a few 

 months of his .death. A sermon preached on 

 his ninety-second birthday, October 16, 1870, 

 is said to have been remarkable for its ability 

 and clearness, and the force and vigor with 

 which it was delivered. He received the de.- 

 gree of D. D. from Shurtleff College in 1851. 

 Dr. Benedict, though not in general a grace- 

 ful or brilliant writer, was remarkable for his 

 painstaking accuracy, and his zeal in the col- 

 lection of historic material ; and, in private life, 

 was a man of great social powers, and of a 

 most genial and sunny temper. 



BLACK, ADAM, M. P., a distinguished pub- 

 lisher and political leader of Edinburgh, born 

 in that city in 1784, died there, January 25, 

 1874. He was the son of a wealthy builder, 

 and received his education at the university 

 of his native city. After serving his appren- 

 ticeship, he went into business as a bookseller 

 and publisher,- and, among other important 

 .books, brought out two editions of the " En- 

 cyclopaedia Britannica, " one of which was begun 

 in 1830, and the other in 1853. He was also 

 the proprietor by .purchase of the copyright of 

 the " Waverley Novels," and, after the failure 

 of his rivals, Constable & Co., he became pub- 

 lisher of the Edinburgh Review, and was thus 

 brought into close relations with many emi- 

 nent men of the Whig party. He held and 



avowed liberal opinions at a time when they 

 were unpopular, and aided in securing parlia- 

 mentary and municipal reform. He was Lord 

 Provost of Edinburgh from 1843 to 1848, and in 

 February, 1856, succeeded Mr. Macaulay as 

 member for that city in the House of Com- 

 mons. He continued in Parliament until 1865, 

 and was a consistent supporter of the leading 

 Liberal measures. He declined, while Lord 

 Provost of Edinburgh, the honor of knight- 

 hood offered him by Queen Victoria at the 

 suggestion of Lord Russell. 



BOLIVIA (REPUBLICA DB BOLIVIA), an in- 

 dependent state of South America, lying be- 

 tween latitude 10 and 24 south, and longitude 

 57 25' and 70 30' west. It is bounded north 

 and northeast by Brazil, south by the Argen- 

 tine Republic and Chili, and west by the Pa- 

 cific Ocean and Peru. (The territorial divis- 

 ions, area, and population of the republic, are 

 given at length in the ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA 

 for 1872.) 



The President of Bolivia is Dr. Tomas Frias, 

 installed on February 14, 1874. 



The new cabinet is composed of the follow- 

 ing ministers : Interior and Foreign Affairs, 

 Sefior Don M. Baptista ; Finance and Public 

 Works, Sefior Don Pantaleon Daleuce ; Jus- 

 tice and Public Worship, Sefior Don D. Calvo ; 

 and War, General Hilarion Daza. 



The metropolitan archbishop is Dr. P. J. 

 Puch y Solona, elevated in 1861 ; with the 

 following bishops: La Paz, Dr. Juan de Dios 

 Bosque (1874) ; Santa Cruz de la Sierra, F. X. 

 Rodriguez (1870) ; and Cochabamba, F. M. del 

 Granado, titular Bishop of Troy in part. 



The Bolivian consul-general in New York ia 

 Sefior Don T. Pol. 



The standing army is composed of eight gen- 

 erals ; 359 superior and 654 subaltern officers ; 

 and, at most, 2,000 soldiers. 



The annual expenditure of the armed force 

 amounts to about $2,000,000. 



The following tables exhibit the details of 

 the estimated budget for 1873-'74. 



. REVENUE. 



Customs Duties : 



At Arica, $405,000 ; at Cobija, $250,000.... =$655,000 



Export duty on silver 193,696 



Guano-sales 300,000 



Stamped paper 27,268 



Duty on cattle from the Argentine Republic 20,880 



Church (Colonel) loan 650,000 



Contributions from Indians 686,307 



Departments 390,423 



Total $2,929,574 



EXPENDITURE. 



Ministry of the Interior. $597,458 



Ministry of Foreign Affairs 153,940 



Ministry of Finance (includ'g the home debt) 2,072,013 



Ministry of Justice, etc 399,167 



Ministry of War I,126,9i6 



Expenses extraordinary 156,010 



Total $4,505,504 



By comparing the sums of these two tables, 

 there appears a deficit of no less than $1,575,- 

 930, or rather more than one-half of the entire 

 revenue a deficit which it was pronounced ad- 

 visable to cover, as usual, by borrowing. 



