BRAZIL. 



95 



r. Kane's polar expeditions, and succeeded in 

 'inlen-iiu' juices so as to retain all that con- 

 ie peculiar value of the fruit from 

 which they were made. Mr. Borden made 

 liberal use of the great wealth which ho had 



Jiuirc'l. In person, he was tall and spare. 

 iii|crament was nervous, and his enthu- 

 iinhoiindi'd. With keen, critical and ap- 

 preciative powers of observation, his habits 

 Here active, and his faculty of adapting means 

 to ends most remarkable. His varied career, 

 ,-ith its disappointments, trials, and successes, 

 vcu him a fund of anecdotes and remi- 

 scences ready at call and freely used. 

 BRAZIL (IsiPKBio DO BRAZIL), the only em- 

 re in the New World, a vast country of 

 itli America, extending from latitude 4 80' 

 >rth to 33 south, and from longitude 85 to 

 west. Its boundaries are as follows : 

 forth, the United States of Colombia, Vene- 

 zuela, British, French, and Dutch Guiana, and 

 Atlantic Ocean ; east, the ocean just 

 named ; south, Uruguay, the Argentine Re- 

 public, and Paraguay; and west, Bolivia, 

 Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. The terri- 

 tory of the empire is divided into twenty 

 provinces and one municipio neutro (neutral 

 municipality), which with the population and 

 capital of each, as published in the official re- 

 turns of the Minister of the Interior in 1874, 

 are as follows : 



By comparing this table with that published 

 i the ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1872, a ditfer- 

 ice of 248,041 will be observed, which can 

 arcely be attributed to an absolute growth 

 ' population, but is more probably due to dis- 

 ardant estimates made at different times. It 

 ppears evident, nevertheless, that the num- 

 er of inhabitants is sensibly larger now in 

 Uag6as, Rio Grande do Sul, Parana, and Rio 

 e Janeiro, than it was in 1872 ; but the ap- 

 parent diminution of 36,000 in Matto Grosso 

 and of 176,000 in the Municipio Neutro can 

 >nly be satisfactorily accounted for in the way 

 ilready suggested. A like observation may be 

 le concerning the area of the empire, which, 



in the report cited above is set down at 12,- 

 076,744 square kilometres, or 4,855,885 square 

 miles. There are in the empire 209 cities, 488 

 towns, and 1,473 parishes. 



The government consists of a constitutional 

 and hereditary monarchy, based upon the fun- 

 damental law of March 25, 1824, modified by 

 amendments bearing date August 12, 1834, and 

 May 12, 1840. Emperor, Dora Pedro II., born 

 December 2, 1825 ; proclaimed April 7, 1881 

 (regency from the last date to July 23, 1840) ; 

 crowned July 18, 1841 ; and married September 

 4, 1843, to Theresa Christina Maria, daughter 

 of the late king Francis I. of the Two Sicilies. 



The Minister of the Interior is Dr. J. A. 

 Correa de Oliveira, Deputy ; Minister of Jus- 

 tice, Dr. M. A. Duarte de Azevedo, Deputy ; 

 Foreign Affairs, Viscount de Caravellas, Coun- 

 cillor of State ; War, J. J. do O. Tungueira, 

 Deputy ; Navy, J. D. Ribeiro da Luz, Senator ; 

 Public Works, Commerce, and Agriculture, J. 

 P. da Costa Sereiva, Jr., Deputy; and Fi- 

 nance, Viscount do Rio Branco, President of 

 the Council of State and of the Tribunal of 

 the National Treasury. 



The Council of State is composed of the 

 following members in ordinary : Viscount do 

 Rio Branco, President ; Princess Imperial Don- 

 na Izabel ; Prince Gaston d'Or!6ans, Count 

 d'Eu; Senators, Viscount d'Abaet6; Marquis 

 Sapucahy ; Viscount B. de Souza Franco ; 

 Marquis of Sao Vicente ; J. T. Nabuce d'Aran- 

 jo; Viscount de Muritiba; and of the seven 

 members extraordinary : Viscount Inhomirim ; 

 Viscount de Bom Retiro ; Viscount Jaguary ; 

 Viscount de Caravellas ; Duke de Caixas ; Vis- 

 count de Nictheroy, Senators ; and Viscount 

 d'Araxa. 



The President of the Senate, which is com- 

 posed of 58 members elected for life, is Vis- 

 count Jaguary ; Vice-President, Viscount de 

 Camaragibe. 



The Chamber of Deputies -consists of 122 

 members, elected for four years. The Pres- 

 ident is Councillor M. P. Correa; Councillor 

 A. J. Henriques; J. P. M. Portella; A. G. de 

 Paula Fonseca. 



The provinces are administered by presidents, 

 aided by legislative assemblies. They are enu- 

 merated in the following list : 



ProrlncM. Prt*ldnU. 



AlagOaB Dr. J. V. d' Aranjo. 



Amuzonaa D. Monteiro Seizoto. 



Bahia Dr. V. J. d'Oltveira Lisboa. 



Ccara Baron d'Ibiapaba. 



Espirlto Santo Dr. L. F. Horta Barboza* 



Goyaz A. C. d'Assiz. 



Maranhao Dr. A. O. Gomez de Castro. 



Matto GroBao J. M. da Silva Rets. 



Minas Geraes J. L. da Costa Belem. 



Para J. V. dfl Azevedo. 



Parahyba D. S. E. Carneiro da Cunha. 



Parana P. G. C. d' Aranjo Abranchea. 



Pernambuco H. P. de Luccna. 



Piauhy Dr. A. Lemenba Line. 



Rio Grande do Norte J. C. Baudelrade Melho. 



Rio Grande do Sul (or Sao 



Pedro) J. P. de Cavalho Moraet. 



Rio de Janeiro M. J. de Freitas Travassos. 



Santa Catharina Dr. J. Thome d:. Silva, 



Siio Paulo J. F. Xavier. 



Sergipe Dr. A. Dos Passos Miranda, 



