CHANG AND ENG. 



CHEMISTRY. 



105 



arch muttons, as well as in the more direct 

 t'tln- ministry. In 1H48 he wus a rnein- 

 r ni' tin- Quadrennial Conference, and was 



oil lii:nlo a member of tho huok ColiUllittOO at 



York. In 1852, ho was elected by the 

 I'l.nfcronce principal or senior book 

 out nt' tho Hook Concern, and by repeated 

 elections was retained in that position for 

 ut twenty years. During the years of his 

 ailiuinistriitiiin, the Concern grew steadily in 

 all its financial interests, enlarging its opera- 

 tions, and nearly doubling its capital, besides 

 pa.Ning tor objects entirely outside of itself 

 not !e-s tlum $800,000. During all the time of 

 his book agency Dr. Oarlton was also the treas- 

 urer of tho Mothodist Missionary Society; and 

 while in that office more than $8,000,000 passed 

 through his hands, for all of which service he 

 iceived no compensation. Nor was there ever 

 note or other paper of the Society dishon- 

 >red at maturity, though to preserve its honor 

 t sometimes became necessary to borrow large 

 amounts, for which not infrequently his own 

 personal securities were pledged. His accounts, 

 though carefully audited at each year's end, 

 never showed any discrepancies ; and at his re- 

 tirement, a little more than a year before his 

 death, the Missionary Board bore a hearty tes- 

 timony to his ability and conscientious fidelity 

 in their service. He was much honored and 

 esteemed in Elizabeth, where he had been ac- 

 tive in building up a strong Methodist interest, 

 had been twice a member of the City Council, 

 and had been elected, a few months before his 

 death, city treasurer. He was also a member 

 of the Board of Managers of the Methodist 

 Missionary Society, a director in the. Shoe and 

 Leather Bank, and in the Home Life-Insurance 

 Company. To high abilities he joined rare 

 social powers. He received the degree of D. D. 

 from Wesleyan University. 



CHANG and EXG, the well-known Siamese 

 twins, born at Bangesau, Siam, April 15, 

 1811 ; died near Mount Airy, N. C., January 17, 

 1874. Their father was Chinese, and their 

 mother Chino-Siamese. The connection of the 

 two was by a fleshy and partly cartilaginous 

 band extending from the ensitbrm cartilages 

 of the breast-bones down to a point below the 

 umbilicus, or navel, of each. There had been 

 but a single umbilical cord attached to the mid- 

 dle of the under side of this band, and while 

 the band (which was eight or nine inches in 

 length, about eight in circumference, and two 

 and a half in diameter its upper or outer sur- 

 face being convex, and the under or inner con- 

 cave) was cartilaginous and nearly insensible 

 except at its median point, there was evidently 

 some intercommunication through it to the vis- 

 cera of both. The breast-bones were so nearly 

 joined that they were naturally face to face, 

 and could never have occupied the position of 

 back to back. What this connection was was 

 a disputed point, which could not be settled 

 until a careful post-mortem examination was 

 made. It was then found that there were no 



direct blood-vessels or nerves connecting cither 

 the cin-ulatioii of the blood or t!, 

 fluid through both bodio*, Imt that th, 

 tomcura or membrane covering tin- bowel* wac 

 extended in two pouches from tin- a 1 .-!-.!. 

 Chang passing through the band into the abdo- 

 men of Eng, and that one imilar pouch from 

 the peritonteum of Eng passed through the bund 

 lying between the two from Chang, into tho 

 abdomen of Chang. These pouches con: 

 small blood-vessels coming from the liv. 

 each (which were in both close to the cord;, 

 and these blood-vessels were covered with a 

 thin layer of genuine liver-tissue. A separa- 

 tion or division of the cord would the re to ro 

 have been almost certainly fatal to both. Tho 

 twins differed considerably in size and strength 

 as well as in disposition, Chang being coni<ler- 

 ably the larger and stronger, but also the more 

 irritable and intemperate, while Eng waa 

 smaller, but sober and patient. They came 

 to this country in 1829, and were publicly ex- 

 hibited in America and Europe for nearly 

 twenty-five years. Having accumulated a joint 

 fortune of about $80,000, they settled down as 

 farmers in North Carolina, and at the age of 

 forty-four or forty-five married two sisters, by 

 whom they had a number of children (Chang 

 six, and Eng five), of whom eight with the two 

 widows survive them. Two of the children 

 were deaf and dumb ; the rest had no malfor- 

 mation or infirmity. They lost a part of their 

 property, which consisted partially of slaves, 

 by the war, and were very bitter in their de- 

 nunciation of the Government in consequence. 

 After the war they again resorted to public 

 exhibitions to regain their lost wealth, but were 

 not very successful. Their lives were embit- 

 tered by their own quarrels, and the bicker- 

 ing of their wives ; and they returned home, 

 after a decision by the most eminent European 

 surgeons that the severing of the band (which 

 both desired) would prove fatal, with their 

 tempers much soured, and their spirits de- 

 pressed. It should be said, however, that they 

 had always maintained a high character for 

 integrity and fairness in dealing, and were 

 much esteemed by their neighbors. In 1870 

 Chang had a paralytic stroke, and was subse- 

 quently weak and ill, while Eng's health was 

 much improved. Chang died first, probably 

 from acute laryngitis, or congestion of the lungs, 

 the result of a ride hi extreme cold weather, 

 and Eng, about two and a half hours later, 

 probably from nervous shock at his brother's 

 death, and perhaps, also, from some myste- 

 rious influence resulting from their connec- 

 tion. The bodies were brought to Philadelphia 

 and carefully examined by a corps of eminent 

 physicians. Tuere are but five or six cased of 

 these u double monsters " on record ; none of 

 them united just as these were, and none who 

 had attained such an age. 



CHEMISTRY. Ir\fl uence of Color on Reduc- 

 tion by Light. This subject has been invo-*- 

 tigated with great thoroughness by Mr. M. 



