KOYIT. 



277 



Yr. 



I .,: 



1858. ni.ooo.otio 



... 875,000,000 



.--,:. IIIM.IIU i 



JU-V'NI..I'..I 

 :I:,.'MI,.I.IO 



111.000,000 



..|.O I I.IKI 



illti.iHIO.IHIO 



YMT. 



I ,.l,r. 



1868. .......... 803,000,000 



1864. .......... 1,404,000,000 



1865 ........... 1,817,000,000 



1806 ........... 1,062,000,000 



1867 ........... 1,003,000,000 



........ 1,069.000,000 



........ 1.688,000,000 



1870. .......... 1,088,000,000 



1871 ........... 1,401,000.000 



1878 .......... 1,472,000,000 



following table shows the movement of 

 ipping, in the principal ports, in 1872: 



M.ll- 



516 



no 



188 



866 

 518 

 400 



I/M 



BM 

 805 



1,878 



794 



856,800 

 666,470 



W.r. 



VCHclt. 



48 

 65 

 64 



The commorcial navy, in 1872, consisted of 

 655 sailing-vessels, of 30,909 tons, and 80 steam- 

 ers, of 2s,%5 tons; in all, 585 vessels, of 59,- 

 874 tons. 



The commerce of Egypt continues to derive 

 iriv:it advantages from the construction of the 

 Siir/ Canal, connecting the Mediterranean with 

 the Red Sea, opened for navigation November 

 17, 1869. The total expenditures for the con- 

 struction of the canal and the first arrange- 

 ments amounted, up to the close of the year 

 1873, to 458,400,065 francs. The value of the 

 buildings and the inventory belonging to the 

 company was estimated at 21,473,474 francs. 

 The income of the company was, in 1871, 13,- 

 276,000 francs' ; in 1872, 18,325,000; in 1873, 

 24,881,127. The expenditures were, in 1871, 

 15,918, 000 francs; in 1872, 16,253,000; in 1873, 

 17,346,109. Surplus in 1872 (the first year 

 which showed a surplus), 2,071,279 francs; in 

 1873, 7,485,077. The number of vessels pass- 

 ing through the canal from 1870 to 1873 was 

 as follows : , 



The following table exhibits the nationality, 

 number, and tonnage of the vessels passing 

 through the Suez Canal in the year 1873 : 



The Btrength of the Egyptian army, which 

 is raised by conscription, is about 14,000 men, 

 consisting of 8,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, ar- 

 tillery, and engineers, and 3,000 negro troops. 



In 1873 the aggregate length of the railways 



which were in operation was 1,193 kilometres 



(1 kilometre = O.ii-J Kii^li-,li mil.-,). The tele- 

 ^rapli-lines had an aggregate length of 6,480 

 kilometres, the telegraph-wires of 18,750. 



A new railnwil to tin- Smultin has been pro- 

 jected, and is to be built by the engineer John 

 Fowler. Its length is to be about 880 kilo- 

 metres; it is to be completed within five years, 

 and to cost 1 ,400,000. About one-half of the 

 expense is to be paid by the revenue derived 

 from the Soudan territory. 



Education in Egypt is still backward and 

 limited. The number of those attending pri- 

 mary schools in 1873 was 90,000 (of whom 

 only 8,018 were girls), which, in a population 

 of 5,250,000, represents a proportion of 17 p.-r 

 1,000, a proportion smaller than in any Euro- 

 pean country except Russia. The prejudices, 

 difficult to overcome, existing among the Mo- 

 hammedans as to the education of females, are a 

 great obstacle to the progress of general edu- 

 cation. In giving, therefore, a proportional 

 estimate of the number educated, it is fair only 

 to reckon the male population. This would 

 give a proportion of at least 84 per 1,000 who 

 attend school ; and though the education given 

 may not be of a high class, nor the previous 

 training and qualification of the teachers up to 

 the European standard, yet the fact that of the 

 whole number only 8,000 are educated at the 

 sole cost of Government, the cost of the others 

 being wholly borne by the parents, without 

 the inducement of food or clothing, shows that 

 there is no unwillingness to benefit by such 

 education as is within their reach. The Khe- 

 dive is attempting to combat the prejudice re- 

 garding female education, and has established 

 a large girls' school at Cairo, where, besides an 

 elementary education, sewing, washing, and 

 dress-making, are taught. 



The Khedive has offered the people of Syria 

 generally to receive twenty-five students, irre- 

 spective of race or religion, into the Egyptian 

 Medical College, to be educated gratuitously 

 in medical science for the benefit of their na- 

 tive places. Crowds of candidates have offered 

 themselves, some of whom have been admitted, 

 and the remainder directed to stand over till 

 the college should receive them. "We had 

 hoped," writes the editor of the al Javaib, 

 "that some of our Moslem brethren would 

 have availed themselves of the opportunity 

 thus offered to send their sons to this college, 

 but we have been sadly disappointed, for all 

 the candidates were Christians. Does it not 

 occur to the Moslems to remember the apostol- 

 ical tradition : 4 Strive to acquire knowledge, 

 even though you may have to go to China 

 seeking it ?' " 



Immediately after the return of Sir Samuel 

 Baker from the expedition into the interior of 

 Africa, a new expedition was planned by the 

 Khedive. It started early in March, in 1874, 

 under command of Colonel Gordon. As the 

 mission was intended to be of a pacific charac- 

 ter, and the design of further conquest was 



