282 



ELLIOTT, DAVID. 



ESPARTERO, MARSHAL. 



after the 1st of June. Vessels in ballast will 

 have to pay twopence per ton. War-vessels 

 will be exempt. 



ELLIOTT, Rev. DAVID, D. D., LL. D., a 

 Presbyterian clergyman, college president, and 

 theological professor, born in Sherman's Val- 

 ley, Perry County, Pa., February 6, 1787; 

 died at Allegheny City, Pa., March 18, 1874. 

 He was of Scotch-Irish parentage, and after re- 

 ceiving such advantages as the village schools 

 afforded, he was sent in his fourteenth year 

 to Mifflin County, where he fitted for col- 

 lege under the tuition of Rev. Messrs. Coulter, 

 Russell, and Brown. He entered Dickinson 

 College in the Junior Class, and graduated in 

 1808 ; studied theology for three years, was a 

 home missionary for one year, and was settled 

 at Avhat is now Mercersburg, Pa., where he re- 

 mained for eighteen years, when he was called 

 to "Washington, Pa., as pastor, and was also for 

 nearly two years President of Washington Col- 

 lege. In 1835 he was called to the professor- 

 ship of Ecclesiastical History and Church Gov- 

 ernment in the Western Theological Seminary 

 at Allegheny, Pa. He declined, but the fol- 

 lowing year, at the urgent solicitation of the 

 directors, he accepted the chair of Systematic 

 Theology in the seminary. He held this posi- 

 tion for nearly thirty-five years, and retired in 

 1870 as Professor Emeritus. He received the 

 degree of D. D. in 1835 from Jefferson College, 

 and that of LL. D. from Washington College in 

 1847. In 1837, the year of the disruption, he 

 was Moderator of the Presbyterian General 

 Assembly, which divided that year, but lived 

 to see and rejoice in the reunion of 1870-'71, 

 and took part in the exercises of the occasion. 



ESPARTERO, Don JOAQTJIN BALDOMEEO, 

 Duke of Vittoria, Marshal, Grandee of Spain, 

 Senator, and from 1841 to 1843 Regent of 

 Spain, a Spanish soldier and statesman, born at 

 Granatula in La Mancha, in 1792 ; reported 

 as having died at Logrono, December 21, 1874. 

 He was of humble origin, his father being a 

 poor cartwright, with nine children, of whom 

 Joaquin was the youngest and feeblest, and 

 hence was intended, in accordance with the 

 Spanish proverb, for the priesthood, and in 

 1806 went with this object to the University 

 of Almagro ; but two years later, when the 

 French invaded Spain, he entered the corps 

 of students called the Sacred Battalion, and 

 acquired a knowledge of the art of war. Con- 

 tinuing in the military service, though unable 

 to pass the examination for the corps of engi- 

 neers, into which he desired to enter, he re- 

 ceived a commission in the infantry, and rose 

 rapidly. He went to South America in 1814, 

 where he fought against the insurgents until 

 the Spaniards were expelled in 1824, when he 

 returned to his native. land, in company with 

 Narvaez, Maroto, Alaix, Laserna, and others, 

 all of them destined afterward to take a prom- 

 inent part in Spanish politics. He brought 

 home a considerable fortune, and soon after 

 married a lady of wealth at Logrono. - He was 



stationed for seven years with his regiment on 

 the island of Majorca, but in 1832 declared him- 

 self openly in favor of the succession of Isa- 

 bella II., daughter of Ferdinand VII., and 

 played a leading part in the hostilities which 

 followed the King's death. In August, 1836, 

 he succeeded in saving the city of Madrid from 

 the Carlists, and became successively general- 

 in-chief of the Army of the North, Viceroy of 

 Navarre, and Captain-General of the Basque 

 Provinces. When the army of Don Carlos ap- 

 peared before Madrid on the 12th of Septem- 

 ber, 1837, Espartero had again the glory of 

 saving the capital. His successful campaign 

 of 1839 resulted in the expulsion of Don Carlos, 

 and won for him the titles of Grandee of Spain 

 and Duke of Vittoria. In 1840 the Queen- 

 mother Christina was compelled to resign her 

 office of Regent, and on the 8th of May, 1841, 

 Espartero was appointed to supply her place 

 until Queen Isabella should have reached her 

 majority. Espartero governed the country 

 with energy, firmness, and ability, but in 1843 

 a combination of the Republican and Modera- 

 dos parties brought about his overthrow. His 

 rival, General Narvaez, came into power, and 

 he retired to England, where he resided for 

 four years, Narvaez having caused him to be 

 declared as a traitor and deprived of all his 

 titles and dignities. In 1848, this decree hav- 

 ing been annulled and his rights restored, he 

 returned to Spain, and for a short time re- 

 sumed his place in the Senate, but soon with- 

 drew and lived quietly at Logrofio till 1854, 

 when dissatisfaction with the court caused an 

 insurrection of the people, resulting in the ex- 

 pulsion of the Queen-mother from Spain. In 

 this emergency Espartero was called to the head 

 of the Government and conducted the affairs 

 of the nation for two years. In 1856 he was 

 supplanted by General O'Donnell, and since 

 then had taken no part in political agitation, 

 although it has often been suggested that his 

 services were needed at times in the eventful 

 period which has since elapsed. In 1857 he 

 resigned his dignity as Senator. At the revo- 

 lution of 1868 General Espartero gave his 

 hearty adhesion to the provisional government, 

 although he took no active part in the events 

 of the period. In May, 1869, during the debates 

 on the policy of reestablishing the monarchical 

 form of government, Sefior Garido, one of the 

 deputies, suggested that Espartero should be 

 chosen King of Spain, but this proposal found 

 no echo from the Cortes. In the subsequent 

 changes he gave King Amadeus a passive sup- 

 port, and regarded the administration of Mar- 

 shal Serrano with a moderate degree of favor. 

 Though, like all the Spanish leaders, Espartero 

 was found at some times supporting and at 

 others opposing the Queen and Queen-mother, 

 it must be admitted that his career was one of 

 more honesty, integrity, and patriotism, than 

 that of any of his rivals or compeers. He 

 seems to have sought always, though perhaps 

 not in all cases by the most judicious ineas- 



