GEOGRAPHICAL EXPLORATIONS AND PROGRESS FOR 1874. 



337 



of Captain (iarni.r. This yonng and coura- 

 ^011-, r'r, ni'li tra\rlT, tl.-vot.-d to geographical 

 litn with an impetuous zoal, was born at 

 8t.-Eticnm- in |s:;'.i. llo was educated for tho 

 navy, and when only twenty-three years of 

 age was intm-tnl with tin- administration of 

 Saigon, the chii-f p<>>t in tho French estal>li.-.h- 

 ment of Cochin-China. Divining the irapor- 

 to French commerce of a knowledge of 

 tin- interior <>i' Laos or Cambodia, he supposed 

 that tho natural route lay up the Mekong Val- 

 ley. A mission was sent to make these ex- 

 plorations unilor Captain Lagree, who, as re- 

 lated in a previous volume of the ANNUAL CY- 

 OLOP.SDIA, dic'd after a protracted illness on 

 the confines of China, and was brought back 

 to be buried by Gamier with the greatest 

 difficulty. After tho Franco-Prussian War, 

 Lu'iitfiiant (since Captain) Gamier left Franco 

 again for Cochin-China, with the object of 

 completing his researches. Finding it impos- 

 sible to reach Thibet by way of the Mekong, 

 and not having it in his power to organize an 

 expedition through Anam, he went to China 

 and explored the Yang-tse-Kiang River as far 

 as the Waterfalls. Being then appointed a 

 commissioner to Tong-King by Admiral Du- 

 pre, Governor of Cochin-China, he endeavored 

 to pursue discoveries in that then disturbed 

 province. Having gained possession of the 

 capital, Hanoi, he established quiet and order 

 there, but met his death in leading an attack 

 upon some still disorderly rebels, at a little 

 distance from the city. 



Dr. 0. T. Beke, F. R. G. S., F. S. A., a trav- 

 eler who won deserved renown by his explora- 

 tion of Abyssinia, 1840-'43, in which he set- 

 tled the latitude of seventy positions, and ac- 

 quired the vocabularies of thirteen languages, 

 died in London, in the seventy-fifth yaer of 

 his age. (See BEKE, CHARLES f ILSTOXE). Dr. 

 Beke was the editor of Do Veer's "Three 

 Voyages to Cathay," in the Hakluyt series, 

 and had written much on geographical topics. 



Heinrich Baron von Maltzan, an eminent 

 German geographer, who first distinguished 

 himself by a daring journey to Mecca, died at 

 Florence, February 22, 1874, while en route 

 for the East. Baron von Maltzan had made 

 extraordinary attainments in Oriental lan- 

 guages, and had also written largely and well 

 on geographical topics. 



Tyrwhitt Drake, of the English Palestine 

 Exploration Society, died at Jerusalem, June 

 25th, from exposure to the malaria of the 

 Jordan Valley. 



Captain Farr, scientific member of the French 

 mission to Burmah, died during the prosecu- 

 tion of explorations in the far East. He set 

 out in company with Captain Moreau, in tho 

 spring of 1874, to explore the country between 

 the Irrawadi and the Sal wen, intending to reach 

 Kiang-Hung on the Mekong ; but, on the llth 

 of July, he succumbed to an attack of jungle- 

 fever. 



The Paris Geographical Society, appreciating 

 VOL. xrv. 22 A 



tho success of the Antwerp Congress for geo- 

 graphical science of 1871, have decided to call 

 an international congress of geographers in 

 Paris for the 81st of March, 1875. The clmir- 

 man of tho Geographical Society, Vice-Admi- 

 ral de la Ponoiere Le Noury, will preside at 

 tho congress, in connection with which theru 

 will be an exhibition of books, maps, and in- 

 struments, and collections relating to geogra- 

 phy. One hundred and twenty questions are 

 proposed for discussion. 



CnABTOGKApnT. In chartography the prog- 

 ress of the survey in the West, and the ap- 

 proaching attainment of a complete map of 

 our country, is worthy of especial notice. 



A map of the Dominion of Canada, on the 

 scale- of twenty-eight miles to the inch, has 

 been completed and recently published from 

 the office of Crown Lands in Ontario. 



A valuable map of Mexico has recently been 

 lithographed by Dumaine, of Paris. It was 

 drawn with great care and labor by Captain 

 G. Noix, during the occupation of Mexico by 

 the French troops. The investigations from 

 which it was constructed were made by re- 

 connoitring parties, and correspondents com- 

 municating by telegraph with the industrious 

 engineer who plotted the map. 



The map of France, which has been in prog- 

 ress under the direction of the War Depart- 

 ment since 1833, is now completed, with the 

 exception of a few sheets representing portions 

 of the island of Corsica. 



The map made by Major Lovett, under the 

 orders of Sir F. Goldsmid, is a contribution of 

 some value to our topographical knowledge of 

 Persia. 



One of the most elaborate maps of the Swiss 

 Alps which has yet appeared, has been pub- 

 lished by the English Alpine Club under the 

 direction of R. C. Nichols. It is on a scale of 

 about one quarter of an inch to a mile, and 

 contains very minute details. 



The maps and charts of the Coast Survey, 

 published the past year, possess great interest, 

 those of the Pacific coast connecting with the 

 triangulation of Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. 



A New York publishing-house has been for 

 some years past engaged in the preparation of 

 atlases of counties in New England, New York, 

 and some of the Western States, from actual 

 surveys. While these belong rather to local 

 topography than to general chartography, they 

 are deserving of notice from their accuracy, 

 even in minute details, and from their beauty. 

 Some of these counties are considerably larger 

 than some of the Swiss cantons, and their 

 ' atlases vie with those of the Swiss geographers 

 in their perfection of detail. 



BIBLIOGBAPHV. The results of the Hayden 

 geological and topographical survey of tho 

 Territories have hitherto been made known to 

 the public in a variety of ways. Of the great 

 work, nine volumes of paleontology and one 

 of geology have been published prior to Jan- 

 uary, 1875, and also eight volumes of general 



