GEOGRAPHICAL EXPLORATIONS AND PROGRESS FOR 1874., :M: 



it bored through, water rises to the surface 



in largo quantity and of good quality. The 

 travelers found no truce of the tamed dry 

 >ed in the desert. Four day*' journey 

 heyond tin- O.IMS they reached a patch of grass 

 ami low hushes, which they took for the sup- 

 po-ed o isis of Zerzoora. Two days farther 

 outward brought them to an impenetrable arid 

 of deep, shifting sand, with high sand- 

 hills ri-ing at intervals as far as they could 

 see to the westward. Tho westernmost point 

 reach. -d was in latitude 21 11' north, longi- 

 tude 27 40' east. They moved along the i-dgu 

 of this impassable desert toward the north, 

 traversing many long strips of sand which 

 had been driven from the main body by the 

 wind. The thermometer was unexpectedly 

 low, standing at from 29 to 23 Fahr. in 

 tli.- morning. They came in thirty-six days 

 from their departure from the oasis of Dakhel 

 to the oasis of Jupiter Ammon, having gone 

 over a course of 500 miles. Their measure- 

 incuts proved the level here to be 200 feet be- 

 low the Mediterranean. The expedition re- 

 turned to Cairo on the 15th of April, having 

 traveled over 1,700 miles in the desert. 



Tho Royal Geographical Society, solicitous 

 concerning the condition of Dr. Livingstone, of 

 whom no tidings came after Stanley parted 

 company with him, commissioned at different 

 times Lieutenants Cameron and Grandy to 

 seek him, the former starting from the east side 

 and the latter from the west side of the conti- 

 nent. Lieutenant Cameron proceeded to Ujiji, 

 toward the close of 1873, after meeting the 

 messenger dispatched by the bearers of Liv- 

 ingstone's remains to carry the news of his 

 death, when he succeeded in recovering the 

 diary of Dr. Livingstone and the map of his 

 journey to Lake Nyassa in 1866. 



The last journals of David Livingstone have 

 issued from the press, edited by Rev. H. Waller, 

 augmented by statements taken by the editor 

 from the lips of his two negro attendants, Susi 

 and Chumah. These journals reveal the de- 

 termined will of the resolute explorer to follow 

 out the purpose with which his life had become 

 identified the discovery of the Nile-sources. 

 In one of the entries in the journal he thus 

 expressed himself: " Mr. Stanley used some 

 very strong arguments in favor of my going 

 home, recruiting my strength, getting artificial 

 teeth, and then returning to finish my task ; 

 but my judgment said, all your friends will wish 

 you to make a complete work of the explora- 

 tion of the sources of the Nile before you re- 

 turn." He heard of a mound west of Lake 

 Kangweolo, from which four rivers issued, two 

 of which, flowing north, united to form the 

 Lualaba. Toward this point ho directed his 

 last journey. His strength began to fail from 

 the recurrence of a chronic disease, and under 

 the extraordinary difficulties of the route his 

 vital powers broke down. When no longer 

 able to sit on his donkey he had himself borne 

 onward upon a litter. u Nothing earthly," he 



wrote, "will make me give up my work in 

 de-pair." The remains of Dr. Livingstone were 

 preserved and conveyed to Unyanyembe and 

 thence to England in charge of the negro Jacob 

 \\ am wnu'lit. whose account of the journey ha* 

 been published. 'On the way to Unyanyembe 

 messengers of the party encountered Lieu- 

 tenant Cameron with supplies for the relief 

 of Livingstone. Lieutenant Cameron, on hi* 

 expedition from Unyanyembe to* Ujiji, pur- 

 sued the Stanley route as far as Utakarna, and 

 thence took a new course more to the north- 

 ward. Ujiji lies, according to his determina- 

 tion, in latitude 4 58' 8" south, longitude 80 

 4' 80" east. The Tanganyika Lake he found 

 to be 275 feet above the level of the sea. This 

 lake has later been thoroughly explored by 

 him. Upon its western side he found the 

 looked-for outlet, which is called Lukuga. 

 This, he believes, flows into the Lualaba. The 

 Lualaba itself, the Arabs report, flows into the 

 Congo, and not, as Livingtone and Stanley 

 supposed, into the Albert N'yanza. Lieutenant 

 Grandy was recalled from his excursion from 

 the west coast upon the tidings of the death of 

 Livingstone. He supposes that the Congo has 

 two main branches, the southern one draining 

 Angola, and the northern one being probably 

 the Lualaba. Lieutenant Grandy received good 

 treatment at the hands of the chiefs. He found 

 traces of the Portuguese occupation of Congo, 

 and describes the natives as indolent and civil- 

 ized, fond of snuff and tobacco, and addicted to 

 the use of palm-wine. The Congo is described 

 as one of the grandest rivers in the world, and 

 navigable 110 miles from its mouth. 



Mr. Stanley was sent out by the proprietors 

 of the New York Herald and London Tele- 

 graph conjointly on a second expedition, to 

 communicate for the columns of those papers 

 information of the state of affairs upon the east 

 coast and in the lake-region of Africa. Ho 

 visited Rufigi and ascended the river to Kisu. 

 He reported minute information concerning the 

 course of the Rufigi and the commercial capaci- 

 ties of the valley. 



The difficulty between the Khedive and the 

 Sultan of Darfour has ended in the subjuga- 

 tion of the latter country. The trust which 

 the Khedive reposed in Sir Samuel Baker has 

 been transferred to Colonel Gordon, who cher- 

 ishes in combination with his political objects 

 plans for geographical researches. 



Dr. Nachtigal, one of the most fearless and 

 indefatigible of African travelers, has pursued, 

 since 1869, a series of journeys in East Africa, 

 through the principal districts of the eastern 

 Sahara, the southern parts of Baghirmi, Bahr 

 el Gasal, Fittri, and Waday, lands never before 

 visited by Europeans who returned to give an 

 account of their discoveries. His latest expe- 

 dition to Waday, as well as those which pre- 

 ceded it, affords results of great value to ge- 

 ographers. Hearing nothing but discourage- 

 ments in Tripoli and Fezzan, with the fates of 

 Dr. Vogel and Moritz von Beurmann, who 



