GERMANY. 



357 



'led as n circumstance very prejudicial to 

 >wer of Germany ut sea, and, if the Gov- 

 . nun. nt dues not succeed in obtaining all it re- 

 ' l'>r tin- navy from private cstalili.sh- 

 -. it will cri'iito factories of its own for 

 that piirposi-. Tins will be especially neces- 

 sary for iron plates and masts, which have 

 hitherto had to bo procured from abroad. 

 A.vonlin./ to tin- new German Constitution, 

 nnan Empire constitutes one customs 

 no commercial territory, with a common 

 is lino. Hamburg and Bremen have 



the right to remain outside the common line 



<! . ii.-toins until they themselves demand ad- 

 mittance. Uoth have entered the customs 

 union lor a part of their territory. Besides a 

 part of Ham tin rp and Bremen, a few small dis- 

 tricts of I5aden(on the frontier of Switzerland) 

 and of Prussia do not belong to the customs 

 union. On the other hand, the customs union 

 comprises the entire grand-duchy of Luxem- 

 burg, and one small commune of the Tyrol. 



The movement of emigration from the ports 

 of Bremen and Hamburg was as follows: 



The aggregate emigration from Germany, 

 from 1820 to the end of 1872, is estimated at 

 3,040,000, of whom about 2,630,000 went to 

 the United States. 



The German Government has taken further 

 steps for discouraging emigration to Brazil. 

 The provincial authorities have been instructed 

 to point out to would-be emigrants of whom 

 they may hear the untrustworthiness of the 

 information circulated in Europe, and to ex- 

 plain what misery and ruin hundreds of Ger- 

 mans have been cast into by their unwise 

 resolution to seek a better home in Santa Leo- 

 poldina, Theodora, and other Government col- 

 onies to which settlers are invited. As a 

 further discouragement, reference is to be made 

 to the intention of tho Brazilian Government 

 to import coolie laborers, whose companion- 

 ship the Germans are scarcely expected to ap- 

 preciate. 



In the following table is given the move- 

 ment of shipping in the German ports for the 

 year 1873 : 



Tho total length of railroads of Germany 

 (and Luxemburg) open for traffic was as fol- 

 lows on January 1, 1874: 



The extension of elec\ric telegraphs is shown 

 by the following table (in kilometres; 1 kilo- 

 metre = 0.62 mile) : 



The commercial navy of Germany was, in 

 1873, composed as follows: 



The postal statistics of the empire and of 

 Bavaria and Wurtemberg, which retain their 

 own postal administration, are as follows (value 

 expressed in marks ; 1 mark = 28.8 cents) : 



