GREAT BRITAIN. 



GREAT BRITAIN, POSSESSIONS OF. 377 



8. Criminal Statistic*. These are for tlio 



inline Jamiarv 1, 1*71, but lire not com- 



!'! ;-, as some of the courts do nut make report 



of committals but only of convictions. Tie 

 table shows all tbat are reported of the com- 

 mittals for trial and tbo convictions: 



COMMERCE, NAVIGATION, EMIGRATION, ETC. 

 1 . ( 'ommerce. The imports of the United King- 

 dom in the year ending January 1, 1874, were 

 871,287,372 = $1,856,436,860. The exports 

 uf I'.riti.-h produce for the same year were 

 .11)4,008 = $1,275,823,016, and of foreign 

 and colonial produce, 55,840,162 = $279,200,- 

 810; making a total of exports of 311,004,765 

 = $1,555,028,825 ; and a total of exports and 

 imports of 682,292,187=$3,41 1,460,685, or 

 $106.14 per head of the population. The 

 United States are the largest buyers and sellers 

 in this vast commerce. The imports from the 

 United States in the year 1878 were 71,471,- 

 493 = $857,857,465, nearly one-fifth of the en- 

 tire imports, and almost equal to all received 

 from her own colonies, possessions, or depend- 

 encies. The exports to the United States were, 

 86,698,424 = $183,492,120, of which there 

 was of home production, 35,574,664=$177,- 

 878,320. This was one-seventh of the entire 

 export to foreign countries. The other coun- 

 tries which deal most largely with Great Brit- 

 ain are, France, India, Russia, Germany, Aus- 

 tral.i^ia, and the Netherlands. The trade with 

 the United States is increasing with great ra- 

 pidity. 



2. Navigation. The total number of vessels, 

 sailing and steam, employed in sailing from 

 and belonging to the United Kingdom, January 

 1, 1874, was 21,581, with a tonnage of 5,748,- 

 097 tons, and employing 202,239 men. Of 

 these, 2,796 were steamers, having an aggre- 

 gate tonnage of 1,690,953 tons, and employing 

 61,362 men. The remainder were sailing-ves- 

 sels. In 1873 there were 422 sailing-vessels, 

 with a tonnage of 89,626 tons; and 509 steam- 

 ers, with a tonnage of 363,917 tons, built and 

 registered for the first time in the United King- 

 dom. The entrances into British ports and 

 clearances from them of British and foreign 

 vessels, both sailing and steam, during the year 

 1873, were of British vessels 29,647,844 tons, 

 and foreign vessels, 14,792,642 tons, making an 

 aggregate of 44,439,986 tons. 



8. Emigration. In the year 1873 the whole 

 number of emigrants who left the ports of the 

 United Kingdom was 810,612. Of these, 87,- 

 208 were bound for the North American col- 

 onies, 233,073 for the United States, and 26,- 

 428 for the Australasian colonies. Of the 

 whole number 118,190 were English, 19,541 

 Scotch, 72,763 Irish, 79,023 foreigners, and a 

 small number unknown. 



4. Hailwayt. On January 1, 1874, there 

 were in the United Kingdom 16,082 miles of 

 railway open to traffic, representing a total 

 paid-up capital, in shares and loans, of 588,- 

 820,308=$2,941, 601,240 ; the total number of 

 passengers conveyed on these railways for the 

 year was 455,320,288, or 28,332 por mile; the 

 total traffic receipts of the year were 55,675,- 

 421 =$278,877,105, or 3,462=$17,810 per 

 mile. The working expenditure amounted to 

 63 per cent, of the total receipts, or 4 per cent, 

 more than in the preceding year. 



6. Post and Telegraphs. There were in the 

 United Kingdom in January, 1874, 12,600 post- 

 offices, besides upward of 9,000 road and pillar 

 letter-boxes. The number of persons employed 

 in the Post-Office Department was 42,236 ; the 

 number of letters delivered was 907,000,00.0 ; 

 of newspapers and book-packets, 254,000,000 ; 

 the number of money-orders issued was 15,- 

 118,686, of the aggregate value of 25,600,069 

 =$128,000,345. The post-office saving-banks 

 received during the year 2,917,698 deposits, 

 of the aggregate amount of 7, 955, 740 =$39,- 

 778,700, and held January 1, 1874, deposits to 

 the value of 21,745,442=$108, 727,210; the 

 post-office, life-insurance, and annuity depart- 

 ment granted 396 life - insurance policies, 

 amounting to 33,073=$165,365 ; 1,348 im- 

 mediate annuities, amounting to 10,290= 

 $51,450 ; and 35 deferred annuities, amounting 

 to 583=$2,915. The gross revenue of the 

 post-office of the United Kingdom in 1873 was 

 5,348,040=$26,740,200, and the cost of man- 

 agement 2,846,707=$14,238,535, leaving a 

 net revenue of 2,501,833=$12,506,665. The 

 total length of the postal telegraph-wires at 

 that date was 107,000 ; the number of tele- 

 graph-offices, 5,600; and the number of tele- 

 graphic messages . sent in 1873, exclusive of 

 press and service messages, for the whole 

 United Kingdom, 17,294,834, of which 14,070,- 

 998 were for England and Wales, 1,942,610 for 

 Scotland, and 1,280,731 for Ireland. 



GREAT BRITAIN, COLONIAL POSSESSIONS 

 AND DEPENDENCIES OF. The following table, 

 prepared with great care from the latest au- 

 thorities, and mostly from late official publi- 

 cations, gives the names, date of acquisition, 

 area in square miles, population at latest cen- 

 sus, form of government and name of ruler, 

 revenue, expenditure, and debt of each of the 

 colonial possessions and dependencies of Great 

 Britain, so far as they can be ascertained : 





