(IUKEOB. 



, a kingdom of Southeastern Ku- 

 ro|i.'. i;.-i_'iiin.u' King, George 1., King of the 

 lloll.'iu's, born December 24, 1845, second son 

 of tli.' ivi-Miing King of Denmark ; elected King 

 of tin- lli-ll. -m-i by tlio National Assembly at 

 Atlirns. M.tivb is i:i") 1803; accepted tlio 

 iTdwn -Inn.- I. l^i 1 .:;; declared of age by a de- 

 i tin- National Assembly, June 27, 1808; 

 marr'u-d, October 27, 1867, to Olga, daughter 

 of Craiiil-rluku Constantino, of Itussia, born 

 August. -J-J, 1861. Issue of the union are three 

 ml one daughter: Constantinos, Duke 

 of > p.-u-t a, born August 2, 1808; George, born 

 -luii" 25, 1869; Alexandra, born August 30, 

 . and Nicholas, born February 2, 1872. 



Tlio area of the kingdom amounts to 19,853 

 square miles; the population, according to the 

 reiiMis of 1870, to 1,467,894. The country is 

 divid. (1 for administrative purposes into 13 

 nomarchies,* which are subdivided into 69 

 epan 'bios, and 851 communes; the heads of 

 tbo latter, called demarchs, are chosen for a 

 term of four years; the heads of the eparchies 

 and nomarchies, called eparchs and nomarchs, 

 are appointed by the King. The principal 

 towns had, in 1871, the following population : 

 Atlit-ns, 44,510; Pineus, 6,425 (in 1873 it was 

 estimated at 10,000) ; Thermopolis, on the isl- 

 and of Syra, 20,996; Patras, 19,641; Spezzia, 

 9,843; Hydra, 9,592; Argos, 9,157; Tripolizza, 

 7,441 ; Zante, 17,516 ; Corfu, 15,452. Accord- 

 ing to the census of 1871, there were only 67,- 

 941 persons who spoke another than the Greek 

 language. Of them, 87,598 were Albanese, 

 I,2i7 Macedo-Wallachians, and 29,126 others. 

 The number of foreign residents was 19,958, of 

 whom 15,051 were natives of Turkey, 2,099 

 British, 1,539 Italians, 526 Germans, and 415 

 French. Nearly the entire population (1,441,- 

 810) is connected with the Greek Oriental 

 Church, which is governed by a permanent 

 Holy Synod at Athens, consisting of five mem- 

 bers, who are appointed by the King from 

 among the bishops and other high clerical 

 dignitaries. The Church has one metropoli- 

 tan at Athens, 15 other archbishops and 16 

 bishops. With other Christian denominations, 

 only 12,585 1 souls are connected ; most of them 

 belong to the Roman Catholic Church, which 

 has archbishops at Naxos and Corfu, and four 

 bishops. All creeds are tolerated, and there is 

 entire freedom of religious worship. The Mo- 

 hammedans, of whom there were still 90,830 

 in 1821, have nearly all been forced out of the 

 country. 



Every child is expected to attend school from 

 the fifth to the twelfth year of its age. Never- 

 theless, the attendance at the public schools is 

 small. In 1869 the 1,141 public and private 

 elementary schools numbered only 60,634 pu- 

 pils, and, according to the reports, there were, 



* The ANNUAL. CYCLOPAEDIA for 1872 gives the popula- 

 tion of every nomarchy and every eparchy for I860 and 

 1870. 



t The number of Roman Catholics was formerly esti- 

 mated considerably higher. Neher (Kirchl. StatistOc, 

 vol. Hi., 1865) gives them 30,000. 



in 1870, 15 gymnasia and 144 Hellenic schools 

 (.orrrs|">ndiiig to tlio (ierman ReaUchul. nt, 

 with 7,780 pupils, and ii-'J private institutions, 

 witli 1,58'J pupils. The university at Athens, 

 which has the four faculties of theology, law, 

 medicine, and philosophy, was, in 1869, attend- 

 ed by 1,205 students. Of special schools, there 

 are 1 polytechnical school at Athens, 4 theo- 

 logical shools of the Greek Oriental Church, 



nautical schools, 1 agricultural school, and 



1 military academy at the Piraeus. 



In the budget for 1873, the revenue was esti- 

 mated at 85,882,000 drachmas ; the expenditure 

 at 85,897,000 drachmas; the deficit at 15,000,- 

 000 drachmas. The actual budgets of the king- 

 dom differ, however, widely from the budget es- 

 timates. Since the establishment of Greece as 

 an independent kingdom, there have been few 

 financial terms without a deficit. The funded 

 debt of Greece amounted in July, 1872, to 

 837,000,000 drachmas. The floating debt, ac- 

 cording to semi-official returns, amounted to 

 40,000,000 drachmas on January 1, 1870. Ac- 

 cording to other statements from Greek sources, 

 it was above 166,000,000 drachmas. A royal 

 ordinance, dated January 17, 1869, authorized 

 the Minister of Finance to issue 15,000,000 

 drachmas of notes, with compulsory circulation. 



The army of the kingdom is formed by con- 

 scription, with the general privilege to procure 

 substitutes, which is done to a very large ex- 

 tent. The strength of the army on the peace 

 footing was, in 1873, 12,397 men. The con- 

 tingent for the year 1873 was 1,500 men. The 

 official paper of the Government in February, 

 1874, praised the Prussian army system, and 

 strongly recommended its adoption by Greece. 



The navy, in 1871, consisted of 2 iron-clad 

 frigates, 8 screw-steamers, and 11 sailing-ves- 

 sels. It was manned by conscription from the 

 inhabitants of the sea-coast; the number of 

 officers and men was, in 1873, 1,078. 



The general commerce in 1871 was as fol- 

 lows, in drachmas : 



The movement of shipping in 1870 and 1871 

 is shown by the following table : 



