HUNGARY. 



HUNGARY, a kingdom of Europe, and one 



> main divisions of tho Allstro-I I uii- 



:i monarchy. (All tho affairs which nro 



cuiiiinoii to ill.- entire monarchy have been 



1 of umlor the head of AUSTRIA.) As 



'lilitary r'rontier, which had formerly its 



L'lmimstratioii, has been wholly incorpo- 



partly with Hungary proper and partly 



with Croatia and Slav on in, tho lands of the 



.irian crown now consist of three largo 



historic divisions, namely: 



k- 

 lu- Hungarian ministry was, in December, 

 4, composed ns follows : President of tho 

 ii>try, St. von Bitto, appointed March 21, 

 1874. 2. Minister near the King's person (ad 

 /<itun\ Baron Wenckheim (appointed March, 

 1871). 3. Minister of Finance, 0. Ghyczy, 

 March 21, 1874. 4. Minister of the Interior, 

 Count Szapary (March 5, 1873). 5. Minister 

 of Education and Public Worship, Dr. Augus- 

 tin TreTort (September 5, 1872). 6. Minister 

 of Justice, Dr. Th. Pauler, formerly Professor 

 of Jurisprudence at the University of P,esth 

 Minister of Education and Public Worship 

 from March, 1871, to September 1872 (ap- 

 pointed Minister of Justice September 6, 1872). 

 . 7. Minister of Public Works, Count Joseph 

 Zichy (March 21, 1874). 8. Minister of Agri- 

 culture, Industry, and Commerce, G. Bartal. 

 9. Minister of Croatia and Slavonia, Count 

 Pejacsevitch (March, 1871). 10. Minister for 

 the Defense of the Country, B. Szende von 

 Kevesztes (March 21, 1874). 



The Hungarian Diet or Reichstag consists 

 of two Houses. The Upper House, called the 

 Table of Magnates, was in 1873 composed of 

 the three Austrian archdukes who have land- 

 ed property in Hungary ; 31 archbishops, bish- 

 ops, and other high church dignitaries of the 

 Roman Catholic and Greek Oriental Churches; 

 of 12 "imperial banner-bearers," 67 supreme 

 counts (presidents of counties), 5 supreme royal 

 judges, the count (comes) of the Transylvania 

 Saxons, the Governor of Fiume, 3 princes, 218 

 counts, 80 barons, and 3 " regalists" from Tran- 

 sylvania. The Lower House, called the Table 

 of Deputies, comprised in the same year 444 

 members, of whom 334 represented Hungary 

 proper, 1 Fiume, 75 Transylvania, and 34 Croa- 

 tia and Slavonia. The Diet meets annually, ami 

 new general elections take place every three 

 years. The right of voting belongs to all who 

 have received an academic education, carry on 

 a regular business, or pay a small amount of 

 direct taxes, as provided by the electoral law. 

 The language of the Diet is Hungarian, which 

 every member is required to understand ; only 

 , the representatives of Croatia and Slavonia 

 have the right to use their own language. 



The publio revenue of Hungary for the year 

 1872 amounted to $7,048,000, the expenditure 

 to $10,904,000; deficit, $2,961,000. The bud-et 

 estimates for 1874 showed a deficit of about 

 $12,800,000. According to Article XXX IV. of 

 the Hungarian Statutes of 1873, 65 per cent, of 

 tho taxes collected in Croatia and Slavonia aro 

 delivered into the common treasury of the lands 

 of tho Hungarian crown, and 45 per cent, are 

 spent in meeting tho home expenses of these 

 countries. The total revenue of Croatia and 

 Slavonia for 1874 was $3,240,000. To meet 

 (he interest of the common debt of the mon- 

 archy, contracted prior to 1858, Hungary pays 

 an annual contribution of $13,630,000. Be- 

 sides, Hungary has a special debt, amounting 

 in 1874 to $275,000,000. The large moneyed 

 institutions of Hungary have of late, as in cis- 

 Leithania, increased very rapidly in number, 

 but not so much proportionally in the amount of 

 tluir capital. The following banks (all of them 

 in Pesth) have a capital exceeding $1,000,000: 

 Anglo-Hungarian Bank, established in 1868, 

 84,700,000; the Hungarian General Credit 

 Bank (1867), $14,100,000; the Franco-Hunga- 

 rian Bank (1867), $15,000,000 ; the Pesth Bank 

 (1872), $2,350,000 ; the General Hungarian Mu- 

 nicipal Bank (1872), $4,700,000. 



The aggregate length of railways in the mon- 

 archy, open for traffic and under construction 

 was, January 1, 1871, as follows: Open for 

 traffic 6,280 kilometres (1 kilometre = 0.62 

 mile). The number of private and official let- 

 ters forwarded by the post-office during the 

 year 1873 was, 52,800,000; of newspapers, 

 23,500,000. The length of telegraph-wires, in 

 January, 1874, was 46,780; of telegraph-lines, 

 13,725 kilometres. The number of telegraph- 

 stations was 837. 



At the close of the year 1873, both the 

 country and the Diet were chiefly agitated by 

 the wretched condition of the finances. One 

 party expected to reestablish an equilibrium 

 between revenue and expenditures by reducing 

 the expenditures, another by raising tho taxes. 

 The Diet appointed a special committee, con- 

 sisting of twenty-one members, to investigate 

 the whole subject. The Minister of Finances 

 resigned, and for a time it was thought that 

 an entirely new ministry would be formed. 

 The ministerial crisis was, however, adjourned, 

 and the president of the cabinet provisionally 

 assumed the department of finances. 



On his return from St. Petersburg, the Em- 

 peror Francis Joseph, in March, 1874, went to 

 Pesth, where the ministerial crisis had broken 

 out again. The prime-minister, Szlavy, found 

 that he could not rely on a permanent majority 

 in the Diet, and therefore on March 8th again 

 tendered his resignation. The Emperor per- 

 sonally visited the great leader of the majority, 

 Francis Deak, and, although the aged patriot 

 could now no more than on former occasions 

 be prevailed upon to assume himself the task 

 of forming a new ministry, his advice was 

 freely given, and the support of the new cabi- 



