ITALY. 



results of the census as regards the re- 



professions of the inhabitants had not 



inil)li>ln-il at the close of the year 1878. 



'I'll.- mi in her of Protestants was estimated at 



about 40,000, that of Israelites at 35,000, that 



of oilier creeds at 6,000. 



>nling to an official return, issued by the 

 Italian Government, March, 1870, the percent- 

 "f analfabeti, or totally illiterate men of 

 i hr atfo of twenty-one, was as follows, in pro- 

 [,'ivssive ratio, in the various provinces of the 

 kingdom: 



Viccnza 20.87 



Sondrlo 85.17 



Turin 96.18 



Novara. 29.89 



Bovamo 88.18 



Leghorn 86.40 



Cuneo 86.99 



Como 87.88 



Alessandria 89.61 



Pavia 41.04 



Bre*cla 41.18 



Porte Maurizio 48.27 



Cremona 44.36 



Milan 49.98 



Belluno 50.98 



Verona 63.64 



Genoa 64.61 



Lncca 66.84 



Treviso 66.84 



Pisa 66.78 



Mantua 68.06 



Udlne 69.96 



Hereto (Emilia) 61.84 



Padiia 68.66 



Venice 63.84 



Florence 64.18 



Rovlgo 64.90 



Gronscto 66.16 



Modena 66.61 



Massa Carrara 66.67 



Bologna 67.08 



Piacenza 68.24 



Ferrara 68.80 



Ciquiala 70.43 



Parma 70.66 



Sienna 70.91 



Macerata 71.19 



Campubasso 71.86 



FocRla 71.86 



Salerno 72.26 



Naples 78.68 



Arezzo 76.46 



Lecce 76.67 



Ravenna 77.49 



Forll 77.69 



Anemia 77.71 



Sassari 77.91 



Perugia 78.19 



Bari 78.66 



Chieti 78.80 



Syracuse 78.91 



Messina 79.12 



Teramo 79.60 



Cagliari 79.74 



Caserta 80.00 



Ciitanzaro 80.04 



Calanl*etta 80.84 



Avelllno 80.66 



Pesaro 81.41 



Catania 81.69 



Palermo 81.91 



Reggio (Calabria) .... 82.76 



Potenza 82.28 



Benevento 82.86 



Ascoli Piceno 82.49 



Cosenza 82.99 



Trapani 83.68 



Girgeuti 86.82 



According to the new law, on the reorgani- 

 zation of the army, which was passed Septem- 

 ber 30, 1873, the liability to military service is 

 made universal, the exception formerly al- 

 lowed being reduced to an insignificant num- 

 ber. The annual contingent will be 100,000 

 men, of whom from 75,000 to 80,000 will be 

 taken for the first class, whose term of service 

 is three years (for the cavalry five years). The 

 remainder enter the second class, into which 

 the former enter at the expiration of their ac- 

 tive service. The time of service in the second 

 class is nineteen years ; in the second and first 



class together, twenty-two yean. Those who 

 enter the second class a* the army of reserve, 

 have to practise annually for forty days, and 

 are then sent on illimited furlough, but can be 

 called permanently under arms, at the out- 

 break of a war. The actual strength of the 

 army on July 4, 1874, was as follows: 



The navy consisted on January 1, 1874, of 

 the following classes of vessels : 



The report of the Italian Board of Customs 

 for 1873 shows a continued forward move- 

 ment of Italian commerce in its aggregate ; but 

 the equilibrium that had been established in 

 the previous year between imports and ex- 

 ports, has oscillated on the side of imports. 

 The total exports of Italy had decreased in 

 1873 to the amount of 25,000,000 francs, as 

 compared with the previous year, while the 

 total imports had increased to the amount of 

 45,000,000 francs. The decrease of Italian ex- 

 port in 1873 is fully accounted for by the 

 trade with France alone. While France was 

 in a state of war and disorder, there was much 

 increased export of wine, cattle, and other 

 products from Italy to that country, which has 

 fallen off as France has returned to her usual 

 condition. 



The commercial navy on January 1, 1878, 

 was composed as follows : 



The aggregate length of railroads in opera- 

 tion, in 1873, was 6,881 kilometres; the aggre- 

 gate length of telegraph-lines is 19,837 kilo- 

 metres; the length of wires 56,626. 



The Italian Parliament, after an adjourn- 

 ment of thirty days, reassembled on January 

 20. 1874. On February 3d Signer Nicotera 



questioned the Government respecting the dis- 

 patches published in General Delia Marmora's 

 book. Signer Visconti-Venosta, Minister for 

 Foreign Affairs, declined on the part of the 

 ministry all responsibility for the publication, 

 which it was not in the power of the Govern- 

 ment to prevent. He added: "The Govern- 



