LITERATURE AND LITERARY PROGRESS IN 1874. 



451 



ssful investigator in Psychology and Met- 

 aphysics, Dr. McCosh, has laid student* under 

 olilL-ati-iii by his volume on "The Scottish 

 Philosophy, Biographical, Expository, Critical, 

 from Iluteheson to Hamilton. 1 ' It is not an 



-it ion of what is known as the Scottish 



/ of Philosophy, founded by Reid, and 

 finding its last great expounder in Hamilton, 

 luit rather of what Scotland has contributed to 

 philosophy including the schools of Hume and 

 1 lute In son. Dr. McGosh is himself the ablest 

 living representative of the school of Reid, 

 which for the time has in Scotland itself no 

 eminent expositor. The Kantian transcend- 

 ental metaphysio is represented by Dr. Laurens 

 P. Hickok, who has given us "The Logic of 



n, Universal and Eternal." We attribute 

 to Dr. Hickok dependence on Kant for impulse, 

 not. intending to question his essential origi- 

 nality and independence, as no one can ques- 

 tion his great speculative insight and power of 

 thought. His nomenclature is his own, and 

 requires a special study to master it. Dr. E. 

 II. (Jillett, in his "God in Human Thought," 

 h.-is traced the history of natural theology in 

 ancient and modern literature to the time of 

 P.ishop Butler. An English bibliography is 

 especially full. Wo pass to a far different re- 

 gion and atmosphere when we look into the 

 "Outlines of Cosmic- Philosophy, based on 

 the Doctrine of Evolution, with Criticisms on 

 the Positive Philosophy," by John Fiske, M. A., 

 LL. B., a reverential pupil of Herbert Spencer, 

 but having a mind of his own. The doctrine 

 of evolution, as formulated by Spencer, is as- 

 sumed by Mr. Fiske. Mr. B. P. Bowne, in his 

 " Philosophy of Herbert Spencer, being an Ex- 

 amination of the First Principles of his Sys- 

 tem," criticises those principles with acuteness. 

 "The Doctrine of Evolution: its Data, its 

 Principles, and its Theistio Bearings," by Alex- 

 ander Winchell, LL. D., Chancellor of the Syra- 

 cuse University, as the title implies, finds the 

 doctrine which is very carefully expounded 

 consistent with theism. Dr. Charles Hodge, 

 on the other hand, seeking an answer to the 

 question, " What is Darwinism ? " concludes 

 that that form of the evolution theory is 

 atheistic. " Strauss as a Philosophical Thinker," 

 by II. Ulrici, translated by Dr. C. P. Krauth, 

 deals with Strauss as a philosopher exclusively, 

 not as a theologian, and with great vigor of crit- 

 icism. Dr. Draper's " History of the Conflict 

 between Religion and Science," though in 

 form a history, treats of a conflict which the 

 author regards as still in progress. His work 

 combines the functions of the historian and the 

 polemic, and rather marks a stage in the move- 

 ment than determines a conclusion. It is able, 

 but not conciliating. Philosophical questions 

 and others in kindred sciences are discussed 

 with his wonted fullness of information and 

 freshness of stylo by Prof. W. D. Whitney, in a 



id series of " Oriental and Linguistic Stud- 

 ies." A new edition of the late Dr. Francis 

 Liebcr's treatise on " Civil Liberty and Self- 



Government," edited by Dr. T. D. WooUey, 

 brings afresh into notice, and under ex- 

 auspices, a work of unequaled value in its kind, 

 and of special value to American citizen 

 Woolsey has issued an improved and enlarged 

 edition of his " Introduction to the Study of In- 

 ternational Law," a book not intended for law- 

 yers, but for general students. " The Earth 

 as modified by Human Action " is the title of 

 a new, enlarged, and revised edition of " Man 

 and Nature," by the Hon. George P. Marsh, a 

 work that in its original form received the 

 highest praise both at home and in Europe. 



Of works in the different departments of 

 physical science, "The New Chemistry," by 

 Prof. Josiah P. Cooke, Jr., of Harvard Universi- 

 ty, one of the " International Scientific Series," 

 deserves mention as an excellent example of 

 popularized science. "A History of North 

 American Birds," by Spencer F. Baird, Thomas 

 M. Brewer, and Robert Ridgway, is an impor- 

 tant undertaking, of which two volumes on 

 " Land Birds " have appeared. Prof. James D. 

 Dana has published new and improved editions 

 of his " Manual of Geology " and his " Descrip- 

 tive Mineralogy," the latter almost entirely re- 

 written and greatly enlarged. The first volume 

 has appeared of a work that promises to be 

 of great interest and of scientific value, " Na- 

 tive Races of the Pacific States," by Herbert 

 H. Bancroft. The volume now issued is on 

 " Wild Tribes, their Manners and Customs." 

 An important contribution to financial science 

 a branch of the greatest practical impor- 

 tance at the present time is " A History of 

 American Currency, with Chapters on English 

 Bank Restriction and Austrian Paper Money," 

 by Prof. William G. Sumner, of Yale College. 

 Other works that in various degrees deserve 

 mention are the following: 



Jleat as a Source of Power. With Applications of 

 General Principles to the Construction of Steam 

 Generators. An Introduction to the Study of Heat- 

 Engines. By W. E. Trowbridge, Professor of En- 

 gineering in Yale College. 



The Constants of Nature. Parti. Specific Gravi- 

 ties and Chemical Formulae. Compiled by Frank 

 Wiggles worth Clark, S. B. (Smithsonian Miscellane- 

 ous Collection, 255.) 



Quadrature of the Circle ; containing Demonstra- 

 tions of the Errors of Geometry in finding the Ap- 

 proximations in Use. By John A. Parker. 



Dictionary of Elevations and Climatic Register of 

 the United States. Containing, in Addition to the 

 Elevations, the Latitude, Mean Annual Tempera- 

 ture, and the Total Annual Rainfall of many Locali- 

 ties. By J. M. Toner, M. D. 



Field Ornithology. Comprising a Manual of In- 

 struction for procuring, preparing, and preserving 

 Birds, and a Check-List of North American Birds. 

 By Dr. Elliott Coues. 



"Relation of Insects to Man. By A. S. Packard, 

 Jr. 



Insects of the Plant-House. By the same. 



Insects of the Pond and Stream. By the same. 



Butterflies of North America. Second Series. By 

 William II. Edwards. 



The Marine Mammals of the Northwestern Coast 

 of North America. By Charles M. Scammon. 



Alcohol ; its Combinations, Adulterations, and 

 Physical Effects. By Colonel J. G. Dudley. 



