MEKIVALE, IIKKMAN. 



METALS. 



52? 



comfortable and cheap conveyance to their fu- 

 ture homes. It lu-emno rcc<>;.'ni/ed as an au- 

 thorized aid committee in Ana-rim and Cicr- 

 mnny, and by tho brotherhood in KU-M.-I. 



Board of Guardians reported inOetober, 



. that it had furnished passages for about 

 7*) families witliout means, at an expense 

 at $1 l,ni)0, and that, includ ing those who 

 liad j'.-ii.l their own expenses, about 200 fami- 

 lies had 0'iiiu over under its care. Including 

 those families who had come under other 

 agencies, 851 families had arrived in America 

 inls?!. Forty families had como in 1873; 

 adding these, the total extent of the immigration 

 so far had been nearly 900 families, which were 

 distributed principally in five different settlo- 



S as follows : In Manitoba, 230 families ; 

 in Dakota Territory, 200 families; in Minn.- - 



15 families; in Nebraska, 80 families; in 

 Kansas, 315 families. Eighty families were re- 

 ported as distributed among the churches in 

 the more Eastern States. Those families were 

 estimated, after examination of the passenger- 



to consist on the average of about five 

 members each. Upon this basis, the actual 

 number of persons in tho different settlements 

 was computed to be : In Manitoba, 1,150 ; in 

 Dakota, 1,000 ; in Minnesota, 75 ; in Nebraska, 

 400; in Kansas, 1,575; in other places, 800: 

 total, 4,500. A report from another source 



to the board tho number of families set- 

 tied in "Manitoba to be 271, and of persons, 

 1,400. Three hundred families were yet ex- 



1 to arrive before the end of the year, 

 making the total immigration for 1873 and 1874 

 nearly 1,200 families. The board were in- 

 formed from credible sources that about 

 1,000 families were making preparations to 

 emigrate from Russia in 1875. The board had 

 received requests for aid more than it could 

 answer without increased contributions. Ap- 

 plications had been made to it also by colonists 

 for help in beginning their settlements. Tfiis, 

 however, was not within the purpose for which 

 the board was organized. It had not been 

 able, therefore, to give the help asked for out 

 of its own funds, but had endeavored to obtain 

 means through special contributions. The Aid 

 Committee in Canada had opened a subscrip- 

 tion to obtain $20,000 to be lent to the Berg- 

 thaler Church in Manitoba, on interest, for 

 eight years. This scheme was meeting with a 

 *air degree of success. A conference of all tho 

 .ocal and branch aid committees of the Church 

 was recommended, in which the brethren from 

 Russia now in this country should be repre- 

 sented, to consider the plans for future action. 

 MERIVALE, HERMAN, C. B., an English pub- 

 licist, professor, and Under-Secretary of State, 

 born in Barton Place, Devon, England, in 1806 ; 

 died in London, February 8*. 1874. He was 

 of a family distinguished in literature, his fa- 

 ther being known as a legal writer, and his 

 brother, Rev. Charles Merivale, as the eminent 

 historian. He was educated at Harrow, and 

 at Trinity College, Oxford, graduating B. A. 



from tho luttor in 1827, with firrt-claM hon- 

 ors, and was elected Fellow of Halliul College. 

 .-in culled to the bar at the Inner Temple 

 in 1832, and, having a strong prodilecti< 

 politico-economical studies, so distinguished 

 himself in that direction, that in 1887 he was 

 appointed Drnmmond Professor of Political 

 Economy in the University of Oxford, and 

 held tli at position for eleven years. During 

 this period many of his lectures on special 

 topics of political economy were published, 

 and deservedly rank among the ablest contri- 

 butions to that science. Among these we may 

 specify : " Five Lectures ou the Principles of 

 a Legislative Provision for the Poor in Ire- 

 land " (1838) ; " Lectures on Colonization and 

 Colonies" (2 vols., 8vo, 1841). In 1848 he 

 was appointed permanent Under-Secretary of 

 State for the Colonies, and some years later 

 permanent Under-Secretary of State for India. 

 In 1859 he was created a Civil Companion of 

 the Order of the Bath. His work on " Colo- 

 nization and the Colonies" was revised and 

 enlarged in 1860, and is now regarded as the 

 standard authority on that subject. In 1865 

 he published "Historical Studies." 



METALS. Mechanical Puddling. When 

 machinery was first introduced as a substitute 

 for hand-labor in the puddling process, the ex- 

 pensive transformations it made necessary in 

 existing establishments proved a great obstacle 

 to its general employment. M. Pernot, a 

 French engineer, has met this difficulty by ap- 

 plying machinery to the old style of furnace in 

 a way that requires but slight and compara- 

 tively inexpensive changes, and with greatly- 

 improved results. The most important feature 

 of his invention is thus described : 



M. Pernot takes the common circular puddling- 

 ladle, and causes it to turn round the inclined axle 

 in such a manner that half the bowl emerges from 

 the molten iron in the furnace. The portion of the 

 bowl above the metal comes in contact with the 

 flame, becomes oxidized, and, passing round amid 

 the iron, produces the action of refining ; while the 

 rotation, either by attraction or centrifugal force, 

 causes the iron to mount upon this inclined plane in 

 thin layers, and thus develops enormously the sur- 

 face exposed to oxidation. These effects combined 

 produce far more perfect puddling than can be ob- 

 tained by hand-labor, and, especially, more regular. 



On this principle a furnace nas been set to work 

 by MM. Petin and Gaudet. The bowl is mounted 

 on a small cast-iron carriage, which rotates with it, 

 and which enables it to be drawn out of the furnace 

 when repairs are required. The movement is given 

 by means of a toothed wheel and pinion, and a small 

 horse is at present employed for the purpose, but a 

 motor is now being planned which will nave a cyl- 

 inder 0.150 metres in' diameter, with 0.250 stroke, 

 and a speed of 100 to 150 revolutions per minute, 

 the puduler to revolve at the rate of five or six 

 turns. 



The head and door of the furnace remain the 

 same, so that at the end of the operation the bloom 

 can be divided as in the old furnaces. Consequent- 

 ly the same hammers and all the accessories remain 

 unchanged. 



In this furnace, in its present enlarged form, 

 charges of 18 cwt. of fine iron (900 kilogrammes), 

 i. e. obtained from charcoal pig, viz., 22 cwt. of or- 

 dinary iron made from common pig, are obtained 



