580 



MONTANA. 



above high-water mark the exterior of the 

 piers, including those on the wharves and abut- 

 ments, is of the best quality of granite. Above 

 the granite the exterior is entirely of cut sand- 

 stone. A granite course, eight feet in thick- 

 ness, is laid through the channel-piers and in 

 the abutments, to receive the heavy cast-iron 

 plates against which the ends of the arches 

 rest. The bridare accommodates two double 



tracks of steam-raihvays, foot-walks, street- 

 railways, and all styles of vehicles, none of 

 which interfere with the others, nor can the 

 bridge interfere with navigation. 



The formal test was made July 2d. Two 

 trains of locomotives, weighing 560 tons alto- 

 gether, fourteen in all, were moved out abreast, 

 and simultaneously over each one of the three 

 spans. The deflection of the middle span was 



BRIDGE OVER THE MISSOURI AT ST. LOUIS. 



3J inches; of each side span, 3 inches. The two 

 trains moving abreast upon each arch was the 

 severest possible test to produce distortion of 

 the curve of each arch. Ten locomotives were 

 then coupled together, and these were run over 

 each track on each side of each arch of the en- 

 tire bridge, covering the entire track of each 

 span, and throwing the whole weight of the 

 train, 400 tons, on one side of each span. This 

 test was applied to each side of the bridge, and 

 produced the severest twisting strain to which 

 each arch can be subjected. The vertical de- 

 flection produced by this test on the centre span 

 was 2J inches. The locomotives thus coupled 

 were run at a speed of ten miles an hour. 

 The local traffic on the upper road-way of the 

 bridge was uninterrupted during the progress 

 of the tests. The instruments failed to detect 

 any side-motion whatever during the test. 



MONTANA. The tribal Indians of Mon- 

 tana, according to the report of the United 

 States Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 

 1874, numbered 22,486, as follows : 



TRIBES. Number. 



Flatheads 471 



Pend d'Oreilles 1,026 



Kootenaye ,332 



Mountain Crows 3.000 



River Crows 1,200 



Blackfeet 1,500 



Bloods 1,509 



Piegnns 2,450 



Santeeand Sisseton Sioux 1,163 



Yanktonais Sioux 2,2fi6 



Uncpapa Sioux 1,420 



Uncpatina Sioux 460 



Assiniboins 4,698 



Groe Ventres 1,000 



The Flatheads, Pend d'Oreilles, and Koo- 

 tenays, have a reservation of 1,433,600 acres 

 in the valley of Jocko River, a tributary of 

 the Flathead, near Flathead Lake, but most of 



the Flatheads have hitherto resided in the val- 

 ley of the Bitter-Root River, and refused to 

 remove to the reservation. The Crows have a 

 reservation bounded west and north by the 

 Yellowstone River, east by the 107th meridian, 

 and south by Wyoming. The other tribes have 

 had assigned to them the region north of the 

 Marias and Missouri Rivers. The Blackfeet 

 never and the Bloods seldom visit their agen- 

 cy, roaming most of the time north of the 

 British line. Besides those above enumerated, 

 there are some roving Sioux not belonging to 

 any agency. 



The most important industry of Montana is 

 mining. The precious metals, found in the 

 metamorphic rocks, are abundant, Montana 

 having been second only to California in the 

 production of gold. The placer-diggings are 

 chiefly on the tributaries of the Hell-Gate, Big 

 Blackfoot, Madison, and Jefferson Rivers, on 

 the Missouri and its tributaries, from the junc- 

 tion of the three forks to the mouth of Smith's 

 River, and on the bars of the Upper Yellow- 

 stone. The principal quartz-mines are near 

 Argenta, Bannock, Helena, Highland in Deer 

 Lodge County, and Virginia City. Much at- 

 tention is now given to silver and copper. 

 These metals exist 'in conjunction with each 

 other and with gold, and sometimes separately. 

 Silver is chiefly found on Flint and Silver-Bow 

 Creeks, affluents of Hell-Gate River; Alder and 

 Ram's-Horn Gulches of Stinking-Water River ; 

 Ten-Mile Creek, near Helena ; and on Rattle- 

 snake Creek, a tributary of Beaver-Head River. 

 Copper predominates on Beaver Creek, near 

 Jefferson City, Jefferson County ; on a branch 

 of Silver-Bow Creek, near Butte City, Deer- 

 Lodge County ; and at the source of Mussel- 

 shell River. 



