686 



POETUGAL. 



ber 11, 1861 ; married October 6, 1862, to Pia, 

 youngest daughter of King Victor Emmanuel 

 of Italy. Issue of the union are two sons : 

 Carlos, born September 28, 1863, and Alfonso, 

 born July 31, 1865. The King has a civil list 

 of 365,000 milreis (1 milreis = $1.08), but re- 

 turns annually 55,000 milreis to be used for 

 general purposes. 



Portugal is divided into six provinces, the 

 area and population of which, according to offi- 

 cial calculations made in 1871, were as follows: 



The budget of the colonies for the year 

 187l-'72 was as follows: 



The foreign possessions of Portugal are as 

 follows : 



Total possessions. 



740,365.16 ' 3,258,140 



The following were the gross sums of the 

 budget estimates for the financial year 1874-'75 

 (value expressed in contos and milreis : 1 conto 

 = 1,000 milreis ; 1 milreis = $1.08 ; 5,652 : 260 

 means 5,652 contos and 260 milreis) : 



REVENUE. 



1. Direct taxes 5,652,260 



3. Register 2,304,700 



3. Indirect taxes 11,213,000 



4. National domain 2,384,240 



5. Deduction from civil list and salaries 282,100 



6. Interest on bonds in public exchequer 441,770 



EXPENDITURE. 22,278,070 



1. Interest on home and foreign debt 10,570,428 



2. Ministry of Finance 2,881,195 



a Ministry of Foreign Aflairs 248,249 



4. Ministry of the Interior 1,904,591 



5. Ministry of Worship and Justice 536,061 



6. Ministry of War 3,406,873 



7. Ministry of the Navy and Colonies 1,101,424 



8. Ministry of Public Works 1,291,873 



Total, ordinary 21,940.694 



Total, extraordinary (chiefly construc- 

 tion of roads). 1,337,900 



23,278,594 



The public debt of Portugal dates from the 

 year 1796, when the first loan of 4,000,000 

 milreis was raised. In 1835 it amounted to 

 55,000,000 milreis; in 1872, to 349,000,000. 

 The interest on the public debt has frequently 

 remained unpaid, and portions of the public 

 debt have at various periods been repudiated. 



The movement of shipping in 1871 was as 

 follows : 



The commercial navy of Portugal consisted, 

 'in 1873, of 432 vessels, of a total burden of 

 108,351 tons. The total length of railways in 

 operation was, at the close of 1873, 842 kilo- 

 metres. The number of post-offices, in 1872, 

 was 599, and the number of telegraph-offices, 

 in 1874, 129. The aggregate length of tele- 

 graph-lines was 3,111, and of telegraph-wires, 

 5,725 kilometres. 



The military system is based on the law of 

 June 23, 1864, which has been modified by 

 several decrees of the year 1868, as well as by 

 a decree of October 4, 1869. The strength of 

 the army, on July 31, 1874, on the peace foot- 

 ing, was 34,559 men, inclusive of 1,993 officers, 

 and 70,680 on the war footing. 



The navy of Portugal was, in 1874, com- 

 posed of 39 vessels (23 steamers and 16 sailing- 

 vessels), with 153 guns. It is officered by one 

 vice-admiral, five rear-admirals, and thirty-one 

 captains, and manned by 3,493 sailors and mar 

 rines. The Portuguese Government, in 1874, 

 resolved to make important additions to its 

 naval power. The Cortes voted a sum of 

 370,000 for the construction of new ships-of- 

 war, and Captain Testa, a distinguished officer 

 of the Portuguese Navy, was instructed to pro- 

 ceed directly to England and obtain the fullest 

 information on the various types of vessels now 

 building for the English Admiralty. The Gov- 

 ernment finally resolved to build two powerful 

 corvettes, designed to carry six large guns, at 

 a high rate of speed, to be constructed on the 

 system known as composite, and to be some- 

 thing like the new English ships Cormorant 

 and Osprey. Three gunboats, similar in all 

 respects to those most lately built for the Eng- 



