ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 



a remarkable aptitude for curving in stone, he 



then \\. in to liiiltiiimro to .ii-.piiiv tin- -ti.n.-. 

 ciitt.-r's tradi-, and tluTO W08 empl'>Vfd till 



hiiviiu' iiH-iiiitiiiii- li>i'laycd geniUH of a 

 hi^'li onlrr in his sculptures in inoiniim-nN, 

 inaiitl. -, *!>. I Mirini? this period lie had < 

 lin-rtly t'r.'in the block, without modeling', sev- 

 nall purtrait busts, of great excellence; 

 a statuette of a ih'jiro cutting' stone, in black 

 marble; u finely-chiseled bouquet; a group 

 after Teiiicrs'a "Smokers;" and many other 

 small pieees. In 1H54 he went to Italy, and 

 pursued the study of his art ut Florence for 

 uvo vears, with very scanty means and under 

 greet privations. He returned in 1856, very 

 Imt brintfintf with him tho two reliefs of 

 lit" and u Morning," which soon attract- 

 i.l at trillion and brought him many orders. 

 11 modeled at this time two caryatides, 

 which are now tho supporters of the great 

 dock of the House of Representatives ; a head 

 of Moses, intended for the Capitol; and com- 

 1 >lrted the bronze doors of the Capitol, which 

 Crawford had left unfinished at his death. In 

 1858 Mr. Rinohart returned to Italy, and 

 thenceforward made Rome his home, except 

 one or two excursions to the North of Europe, 

 and two visits to the United States in I860 

 and 1873. During this time he produced the 

 works of art which have established his repu- 

 tation ; among them the bronze doors of the 

 Capitol at Washington, the statuettes on the 

 clock of the House of Representatives, the 

 statue of the fountain at the General Post- 

 Office, the colossal bronze statue of Chief- 

 Justice Taney, at Annapolis; a number of 

 ideal figures in marble "Clytie" (owned by 

 the Peabody Institute, Baltimore), probably 

 his best work ; " Hero ; " " Antigone ; " " En- 

 dymion;" the "Woman of Samaria;" the 

 "Christ" and the "Angel of the Resurrec- 

 tion," both in Loudoun Park; and many por- 

 trait busts. Mr. Rinehart returned to Balti- 

 more in the autumn of 1873, to superintend 

 the erection of the Taney statue. He went 

 back" to Rome in the spring of the follow- 

 ing year, taking with him a large number of 

 orders, only a few of which he lived to fulfill. 

 His last finished work a companion figure 

 to his famous "Clytie" was "Atalanta." 

 Early last summer his failing health compelled 

 him to abandon his work and seek relaxation 

 among the mountains of Switzerland. But he 

 derived no benefit from his sojourn there, and 

 in October he was taken back to his studio in 

 Rome, where a few days later ho died. Ik- 

 left by will the greater part of his estate to be 

 applied for art uses. 



ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. Tho pon- 

 tificate of Pius IX., already the longest in his- 

 tory, was continued through the year 1 874. N < i 

 important bull or encyclical addressed to the 

 whole Church recognizing his authority was 

 issued till the close of the year, when, on the 

 24th of December, he issued the following En- 

 cyclical, announcing the Jubilee of the year 

 VOL. xiv. 18 A 



1875, but without the accustomed ceremonies 

 at tho Porta Santa: 



VCLIOAL LETTER OF POPE PIU0 IX., AN- 

 NOUNCING A JUBILEE. 



Toalltht Patrioreht, frimatt*. Archiuhopt, BUhop$. 



i other Ordinarin of Placet hating Gract ana 



Communion with tht Apottolic 6', and to all 



t<ful Chrutiant. 



VENERABLE BROTHERS AND BELOVED SONS, HEALTH 

 AND APOSTOLICAL BENEDICTION : Moved not only by 

 the grave calamities of the Church and of thi oeutu- 

 ry, but also by the necessity of imploring Divine aid, 

 we have never omitted in the time of our pontificate 

 to arouse the Christian people, in order tin.' 

 might strive to appease the majesty of God and merit 

 celestial clemency by holy habits of life, by works 

 of penitence, ana by pious and dutiful continuance 

 in prayer. To this end we have, with apostolic lib- 

 erality, several times opened to the faithful the spir- 

 itual treasures of the indulgences in order that, ani- 

 mated thereby to true penitence and purged by the 

 sacrament of reconciliation from the stains of sin, 

 they might be able to approach the throne of grace 

 with more confidence, ana be worthy >f their prayers 

 being benignantly received by God. This also, as at 

 other times, we especially considered our duty to ful- 

 fill on the occasion of the (Ecumenical Vatican Coun- 

 cil, in order that the very grave work undertaken for 

 tho benefit of the Universal Church might at the 

 same time, by the prayers of the whole Church, be 

 furthered in the sight of the Almighty ; and, although 

 the celebration ot the some Council remained sus- 

 pended, through the calamities of tho times, we nev- 

 ertheless declared and made known fur the good of 

 the faithful people that the indulgence to follow it in 

 the form of a jubilee, promulgated on that occasion, 

 continued, as it still remains, in all its force, firm- 

 ness, and vigor. 



IN PEACEFUL TIMES. 



Nevertheless, the course of these sorrowful times 

 still continuing, behold the commencement of the 

 seventy -fifth year after the eighteenth century of the 

 Christian era the year, that is to say, which marks 

 that sacred space of time which the holy custom of 

 our elders and the ordinations of the pontiffs our 

 predecessors consecrated to the celebration of the 

 Universal Jubilee. With what respect and religious 

 feeling the year of the Jubilee was observed when 

 the tranquil times of the Church permitted them to 

 celebrate it with every solemnity, both ancient and 

 recent historical monuments testify, for it was always 

 looked upon as the year of salutary expiation by the 

 whole Christian people^ as the year of redemption 

 and of grace, of the remission of sins and of the in- 

 dulgence, in which they assembled from all the world 

 in this our alma city and seat of P^ter, and all the 

 faithful, aroused to" works of piety, offered for the 

 health of souls most abundant aids of reconciliation 

 and of grace. What a pious and holy solemnity was 

 seen in this our century when, the Jubilee of the 

 vear 1825 having been intimated by Leo XII. of 

 blessed memory, our predecessor, this benefit was 

 received by the" Christian people with so much fer- 

 vor that the said Pontiff could rejoice in having seen 

 during the whole course of the year a never-inter- 

 rupted concourse of pilgrims in this city, and through 

 which was marvelously manifested the splendor of 

 religion, piety, faith, love, and all the virtues. O 

 that such were also to-day our condition, and the 

 condition of civil and sacred things, as to permit us 

 happily to celebrate, according to the ancient rites 

 and customs which our elders used to observe, that 

 solemnity of the great Jubilee, which, occurring as 

 it did in the year 1860, of this centurv, it was neces- 

 sary to omit because of the mournful circumstances 

 of the times ! But those grave causes which at that 

 time impeded us from intimating the Jubilee, so far 



