ARGELANDER, FRIEDRICH W. A. 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 



infants or persons certified to have been desir- 

 ous of and prepared for baptism. 



The words " We give Thee hearty thanks " 

 were omitted from the burial service. 



In the service for the sick, the form of abso- 

 lution in the communion service (the necessary 

 change from plural to singular being made) 

 was substituted for the form of absolution be- 

 ginning "Our Lord Jesus Christ," etc., which 

 it was directed should be omitted. 



The alterations made in the Prayer-Book by 

 the synod, particularly the emendation of the 

 Athanasian Creed, excited opposition from a 

 part of the Church. Shortly after the synod 

 adjourned, Archdeacon Lee, of Dublin, made 



Siblic the correspondence he had had with 

 r. Pusey and Canon Liddon, of the English 

 Church, in which he had proposed to establish 

 a party who would hold to the Prayer-Book 

 without revision, and would build churches in 

 which it would oe used in its old form. This 

 movement does not seem to have secured any 

 considerable following. 



Synod of Ruperts Land. The Provincial 

 Synod of the new ecclesiastical province of 

 Rupert's Land held its first meeting in St. 

 John's Cathedral, "Winnipeg, beginning August 

 3d.* The diocese of Rupert's Land, Moosonee, 

 and Saskatchewan, was represented by their 

 bishops, the dioceses of Rupert's Land and 

 Athabasca by lay delegates.. It was resolved 

 to address a communication through the me- 

 tropolitan (the* Bishop of Rupert's Land) to the 

 Bishop of British Columbia, inviting his dio- 

 cese to take such action as may lead to its 

 union with the ecclesiastical province of Ru- 

 pert's Land. The constitution of the new 

 province was adopted. The three prayers for 

 the Governor-General, for Parliament, and for 

 the synod, already in use, were recommended 

 for future use in the province. 



ARGELANDER, FRIEDKIOH WILHELM AU- 

 GUST, a celebrated German astronomer, was 

 born March 22, 1799; died at Bonn, Febru- 

 ary 19, 1875. He studied in the University 

 of Konigsberg under Bessel, was successively 

 instructor in the same university, director of 

 the observatory at Abo and afterward at Hel- 

 singfors, and finally settled down as profess- 

 or in Bonn in 1837. His principal works 

 are : " Observationes astronomies Abose fac- 

 to" (three vols., Helsingfors, 1830-'32) ; "Ue- 

 ber die eigene Bewegung des Sonnensystems " 

 (St. Petersburg, 1837); "Neue Uranographie " 

 (Berlin, 1843); and "Atlas des nordlichen 

 gestirnten Himmels" (Bonn, 1857). The ac- 

 curacy and trustworthiness of his figures in his 

 first work, " Untersuchungen tiber die Bahn 

 des grassen Kameten von 1811" (Kdnigsberg, 

 1822), excited general attention at the time in 

 astronomical circles, as it has been without 

 parallel. In Argelander the astronomers lose 

 one of their most prominent representatives. 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC (REPUBLIC A AE- 

 GENTINA), an independent state of South Amer- 

 ica, extending from the 22dtothe 41st parallel 



of south latitude, and from 53 to 71 17' west 

 longitude. Its boundaries are : on the north, 

 Bolivia; on the east, Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, 

 and the Atlantic ; on the south, Patagonia, 

 from which it is separated by the Rio Negro ; 

 and on the west, Chili, the dividing line with 

 which is formed by a portion of the great An- 

 dine chain. 



The boundary questions with Chili and 

 Paraguay are still pending, nor does any ad- 

 vancement toward an amicable settlement 

 seem to have been effected. 



The efforts of a special envoy to the court 

 of Rio de Janeiro, in the first half of 1875, to 

 bring about a solution of the Paraguayan diffi- 

 culty, proved unsuccessful ; and the interchange 

 of diplomatic correspondence between the Ar- 

 gentines and Chilians has been no less unre- 

 mitting than in 1874, and the two years imme- 

 diately preceding it, without any symptom of 

 change in the determination of either Govern- 

 ment to maintain its claim to Patagonia. 



For territorial division, statistics concerning 

 area, population, etc., reference may be made 

 to the ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA for 1872. 



The number of immigrants in 1874 fell very 

 far short of the glowing estimates formed for 

 that year, and based upon a steadily-increasing 

 current which reached its maximum strength in 

 1873. Nor is the result confined to the Argen- 

 tine Republic, a proportional decline having 

 been reported in several countries in the same 

 year 1874, and notably in the United States. 

 An explanation of this decrease may perhaps 

 be found in the extensive recruiting of some of 

 the European armies, and the improved condi- 

 tion of the people in a few countries of Cen- 

 tral and Western Europe. 



Immigration to the Argentine Republic has, 

 besides, been very irregular, as is shown by 

 the annexed table, embracing the seven years 

 1868-'74 : 



YEARS. Arrivals. 



1863 29,234 



1869 37,934 



1870., 

 1871. 



41,058 

 21,758 



YEARS. Arrivals. 



1872... .. 41,002 



1873 79,712 



1874 68,277 



Examine the years 1870 and 1871, and there is 

 a decrease in the second of nearly one-half 

 as compared with the first; and then 1873 

 and 1874, and the decline is 11,435. "It is 

 impossible," observes Dr. Avellaneda, " to pre- 

 vent the effects of war or crises. When pov- 

 erty prevails, people will run away, as they are 

 now doing in New York as well as in Buenos 

 Ayres. But we can distribute immigrants 

 better through the country ; we can offer land- 

 grants to industrious settlers and open up a 

 fresh stream of hardy North Europeans by pro- 

 viding them with passages to Buenos Ayres at 

 the same rate as they can procure them' to the 

 United States. Public opinion urgently calls 

 upon Congress to adopt these measures. Mean- 

 time, I have done all that was in my power, 

 forwarding immigrants to the upper provinces, 

 organizing provincial committees, inciting the 



