AUSTRALIA AND POLYNESIA. 



55 



vation, 5,134,390 acres are inclosed but not 

 tilled, and 4,199,703 acres are not inclosed. 



In Victoria, in 1873, the extent of inclosed 

 lands was 10,284,439 acres, the area under til- 

 lage being 964,996 acres, of which 349,976 acres 

 were devoted to the cultivation of wheat, and 

 110,991 acres to that of oats, which yielded 

 4,752,289 bushels of wheat and 1,741,451 bush- 

 els of oats. 



In South Australia the extent of land under 

 cultivation in 1872 was 1,164,846 acres, of 

 which 759,811 acres were devoted to wheat, 

 and 12,608 acres to barley. The total wheat 

 yield in 1872 was 8,735,912 bushels. In 1873, 

 784,784 acres were under wheat-crop, and the 

 produce was 6,178,816 bushels. 



In West Australia the returns for the year 

 1872 show that there were 53,240 acres under 

 crop, of which 31,619 acres were used for wheat. 



In Tasmania the leading crops are wheat, 

 oats, and barley. Fruit-preserving forms an 

 important branch of industry. The export of 

 jams and preserved fruits in 1873 amounted 

 to 2,263,266 Ibs., valued at 61,252. The 

 number of acres under cultivation in 1872 was 

 324,105, of which 58,610 were wheat, 6,040 

 barley, and 26,750 oats. The yield of the prin- 

 cipal crops for 1873 was as follows : wheat, 

 947,813 bushels; barley, 124,459 bushels; and 

 oats, 5"6 1,247 bushels. 



In Queensland the total extent of land under 

 crop in 1872 was 62,491 acres. The crops 

 grown were as follows: wheat, 3,842 acres; 

 maize, 21,377 acres; cotton, 12,002 acres; and 

 sugar-cane, 11,757 acres. 



In New Zealand 1,296,900 acres of land were 

 under cultivation in 1873. Of these, 131,797 



acres were wheat, and 122,472 oats. The yield 

 was 3,188,696 bushels of wheat and 2,618,084 

 of oats. 



The live-stock statistics of the different col- 

 onies are as follows : In New South Wales 

 there were, in 1872, 328,408 horses, 2,287,660 

 horned cattle, 17,560,048 sheep, and 218,904 

 hogs. Victoria had on March 31, 1873, 185,796 

 horses, 222,432 milch-cows, 589,857 other cat- 

 tle, 10,575,219 sheep, 193,722 hogs, and 122,- 

 164 goats. South Australia returned for the 

 same date 82,215 horses, 151,662 cattle, 4,900,- 

 687 sheep, 98,436 hogs, and 17,492 goats. The 

 number of live-stock in 1873 in West Australia 

 was horses, 26,290 ; cattle, 47,640 ; sheep, 

 748,536; and hogs, 20,948. In Tasmania, in 

 1873, there were 22,334 horses, 106,308 horned 

 cattle, 1,490,738 sheep, 2,201 goats, and 59,- 

 628 hogs. Queensland had, in 1872, 92,798 

 horses, 1,200,992 cattle, 6,687,907 sheep, and 

 35,732 hogs. In New Zealand the stock re- 

 turned at the end of 1871 was 81,028 horses, 

 436,592 horned cattle, 9,700,626 sheep, and 

 151,460 hogs. 



The mineral resources of Australia are also 

 very great. Gold and tin are found in large 

 quantities, while silver, lead, copper, cinnabar, 

 iron, and coal, are also pretty generally found. 

 In New South Wales 9,903,946 ounces of gold, 

 to the value of 38,231,121, had been exported 

 up to December 31, 1871, exclusive of the 

 amount coined in the mint. In 1872, there 

 were exported 186,731 ozs., valued at 731,120, 

 and coin to the amount of 1,656,151. In the 

 same year, 718 tons 12 cwt. of tin were raised, 

 worth 48,832. Diamonds have also been 

 found in considerable number, the estimated 

 number for 1872 being 5,000, the largest weigh- 

 ing 5f carats. In the same year, 1,012,426 tons 

 of coal, of the value of 396,198, were mined, 

 being the product of about twenty-five mines. 

 In Victoria, there had been produced up to 

 December 31, 1873, 43,258,205 ozs. of gold, 

 valued at 173,032,821 ; 24,719 ozs. of silver, 

 valued at 6,798 ; tin-ore mined, smelted, and 

 exported, in all 305,886, besides various other 

 metals and minerals. In 1873 the amount of 

 gold was 1,170,397 ozs. In South Australia 

 very little mining is done. The exports of 

 minerals for the year 1872 were copper, 149,- 

 050 tons, valued at 680,714; copper-ore, 

 26,964 tons, valued at 122,020. In the return 

 for copper-ore, 22 tons of bismuth-ore, valued 

 at 1,168, and 8 tons of spelter are included. 

 The number of mines reported at the close 

 of 1872 was seventy. In West Australia the 

 mineral resources are as yet not fully known. 

 In Tasmania there are large deposits of tin-ore, 

 the yield of which is, however, not yet known. 

 In 1873, 3,920 ozs., of gold, valued at 15,309, 

 were exported. About 10,000 tons of coal 

 were mined in the same year. Queensland, 

 like Victoria and New South Wales, is rich in 

 gold-fields. From 1860 to 1872, 928,198 ozs. 

 of gold, valued at 3,370,626, had been export- 

 ed. In 1872, 2,427 tons of refined copper, 



