BOKHARA. 



81 



in all Bokharese towns. The same right is accorded 

 to the Bokharese merchants in the towns of the 

 province of Toorkistan. 



CLAUSE IX. The better to direct the course of 

 commerce, insure the levying of the above tax, and 

 regulate their relations with the local authorities in 

 mercantile matters, .Russian merchants are accorded 

 the right of keeping commercial agents in all towns 

 of the khanate. The same right is accorded to the 

 Bokharese merchants in the towns of the province 

 of Toorkistan. 



CLAUSE X. Commercial engagements between 

 Eussians and Bokharese must be considered as sa- 

 cred, and be unconditionally carried out by both 

 parties. The Bokhara Government promises to 

 look after the honest fulfillment of commercial en- 

 gagements, and the fair and conscientious conduct 

 of commercial affairs generally. 



CLAUSE XI. Russian subjects will enjoy an equali- 

 ty of right with Bokharese subjects in carrying on 

 in Bokharese territory all branches of industry and 

 handicraft allowed by the law of Sharigat. A _cor- 

 responding right is accorded to Bokharese subjects 

 on Kussiau territory, with regard to the exercise of 

 all trades and handicrafts permitted by the Eussian 

 law. 



CLAUSE XII. Eussian subjects are permitted to 

 possess houses, gardens, arable land, and every spe- 

 cies of real property in the khanate, such property 

 to be subject to the land-tax assessed on Bokharese 

 property. A corresponding privilege is accorded to 

 Bokharese subjects in the whole territory of the 

 Eussian Empire. 



CLAUSE XIII. Eussian subjects are admitted to the 

 Bokharese territory when provided with permits 

 signed by the Eussian authorities. They may travel 

 freely in the whole khanate, and are placed under 

 the special protection of the Bokharese authorities. 



CLAUSE XIV. In no case will the Bokharese Gov- 

 ernment receive on Bokhara territory persons arriv- 

 ing from Eussian territory, whatever nationality they 

 may belong to, unless provided with a special per- 

 mit, duly and satisfactorily signed by the Eussian 

 authorities. If criminals who are Eussian subjects 

 should take refuge on Bokharese territory, they Will 

 be arrested by the Bokharese authorities, and deliv- 

 ered to the nearest Eussian authorities. 



CLAUSE XV. With a view to the maintenance of 

 direct and permanent relations with the supreme 

 Eussian authorities in Central Asia, the Amir of 

 Bokhara will appoint one of his intimate counsellors 

 to be his resident envoy and plenipotentiary at 

 Tashkend. This plenipotentiary will live at Tash- 

 kend in the house and at the expense of the Amir. 



CLAUSE XVI. If it chooses to do so, the Eussian 

 Government may keep a permanent representative 

 at Bokhara, attached to the person of his Worship 

 the Amir. As the Amir's representative at Tash- 

 kend, so the Eussian plenipotentiary at Bokhara 

 will live in the house and at the expense of the 

 Eussian Government. 



CLAUSE XVII. To please the Emperor of all the 

 Eussias and enhance the future glory of his Impe- 

 rial Majesty, his Worship the Amir Seid Mustafar, 

 of Bokhara, has determined as follows : The traffic 

 in human beings, being contrary to the law which 

 commands man to love his neighbor, is abolished 

 forever in the territory of the khanate. In accord- 

 ance with this resolve, the strictest injunctions will 

 be given by the Amir to all his beys to enforce 

 the new law, and special orders will be sent to all 

 border towns where slaves are transported for sale 

 from neighboring countries that, should any such 

 slaves be brought there ; they shall be taken from 

 their owners and set at liberty without loss of time. 



CLAUSE XVIII. His Worship the Amir Seid Mus- 

 tafar, being sincerely desirous to strengthen and de- 

 velop the amicable relations established five years 

 asfo for the benefit of Bokhara, approves and accepts 

 for his constant guidance the above seventeen 

 VOL. xv. 6 A 



clauses, constituting an agreement relative to the 

 friendship between Eussia and Bokhara. This 

 agreement has been made out in two copies, each 

 copy in the_ two languages, Eussian and Turkish. 

 In proof of his having sanctioned this agreement 

 and accepted it for his own guidance, as well as for 

 the guidance of his successor, the Amir Seid Mus- 

 tafar has affixed to it his seal. 



Done at Shaar on the 28th of September, 1873, 

 A. D., being the 19th day of the month of Shayban 

 of the year 1290, A. H. 



LADY AND GENTLEMAN OF BOKHARA. 



On the relations of Bokhara with Russia Sir 

 H. Rawlinson, in his new work on "England 

 and Russia in the East" (London, 1875), makes 

 the following remarks : 



No one questions but that the general feeling at 

 Bokhara is intensely hostile to Eussia, and that the 

 Amir has had, and still has, the utmost difficulty in 

 preventing his subjects from breaking out and de- 

 claring a noly war against the infidels. Eeceated 

 rumors, indeed, have been circulated of the. inten- 

 tion of Muzeffer-ed-din to abdicate in favor of his 

 gon weary of the perpetual conflict between his 

 feelings and his interests, and despairing of the 

 future of his country ; and it is not at all improbable 

 that such may be the result of the pending troubles 

 at Bokhara; but a revolution of this nature, unless 

 accompanied with direct outrage upon the Eussians, 

 will hardly precipitate their occupation of the kha- 

 nate. It is indeed so manifestly to their advantage 

 to procrastinate until their lines of communication 

 are completed that no amount of mere provocation 

 will probably induce them at present to interefere. 

 By retaining in their hands a complete command of 

 the water-supply of Bokhara as well as by exhibiting 

 an impossing military force upon the Samarcand 

 frontier, they are enabled to control the Government 

 almost as effectively as if they maintained a garrison 

 in the capital city, while at the same time they 

 avoid the expense as well as the dangers of occupa- 

 tion. But it is well understood that this vicarious 

 government c;mnot be permanent. As soon as there 

 is rapid and direct communication between the Cau- 

 cacus and Toorkistan, a Eussian governor-general will 

 take the place of the Amir, and then, if we may 

 judge by our own Afghan experience, the Eussian 



