BRAZIL. 



85 



amount of $90,000 for the support of the semi- 

 nary. Dr. Boyce received the degree of D. D. 

 from Columbian College, Washington, D. 0., 

 and that of LL. D. from Union University, 

 Tennessee, in 1872. He has been chosen pres- 

 ident of the convention for several years in 

 succession. 



BRAZIL (IMPEKIO DO BRAZIL), an empire 

 of South America, the only country under a 

 monarchical government in the New World. 

 It lies between latitude 4 3' north and 33 

 south, and longitude 35 and 73 west, and is 

 bounded as follows : North, by the United 

 States of Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, 

 and the Atlantic ; east, by the same ocean ; 

 south, by Paraguay, Uruguay, and the Argen- 

 tine Republic; and west, by Bolivia, Peru, 

 Ecuador, and the United States of Colombia. 



The boundary questions, so long pending 

 with the Argentine Republic and Bolivia, have 

 not yet been settled, notwithstanding the pres- 

 ence of a special envoy at Rio de Janeiro from 

 the first state, and of a special Brazilian com- 

 missioner at the Bolivian capital for the pur- 

 pose of terminating negotiations.* 



The territory of the empire is divided into 

 twenty provinces and one neutral municipality 

 (municipio neutro), which, with their popula- 

 tion, according to the census of 1874, were given 

 in the ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA for that year. 



The annexed table shows the number of 

 slaves in the provinces, etc., therein enumer- 

 ated, according to the official returns published 

 by the Minister of the Interior, in April, 1874 : 



PROVINCES. No. of Slaves. 



Alagoas 35,741 



Amazonas 979 



Bahia 162,295 



Ceara 31,913 



Espirito Santo 22,659 



Maranhao. '. 74,939 



Parahyba 20,914 



Parana 10,560 



Pernambuco 89,023 



Piauhy 23,795 



Elo de Janeiro 270,726 



Eio de Janeiro (municipality) 48,939 



Kio Grande do Norte 12,020 



SaoPaulo 156,612 



Sergipe 21,495 



Total 1,013,615 



The number of slaves in the six other prov- 

 inces is comparatively insignificant. 



From the report of the Minister of Agricult- 

 ure, in which considerable space was devoted 

 to the matter of immigration, it appears that 

 the Imperial Government has expended, in the 

 twenty-five years immediately preceding, no 

 less a sum than $10,000,000 (?). 



The number of inhabitants of the several 

 colonies was set down as follows : 



Population. 



Imperial colonies (Leopoldina, Blumenau, etc.) '. . . , 16,360 



Provincial colonies of Santa Catarina, etc 23,000 



Independent colonies (Sao Leopoldo, Santa Isabel, etc.). 22,640 



Total 



62,000 



on the part of the Government ; and the total 

 shows each immigrant to have cost, on the 

 average, somewhat over $160. 



The spontaneous immigration, for the most 

 part from Portugal, varies from 4,000 to 5,000 

 annually. 



Here follows a transcript of an important 

 colonization bill, which was laid before the 

 Provincial Assembly of Rio de Janeiro : 



ARTICLE I. Any planter, or owner of any agricult- 

 ural establishment, in the province, desiring to ob- 

 tain from Europe or the United States colonists to 

 cultivate his landte, may receive from the provincial 

 treasury, as aid, an advance of not over $5,000. 



SECTION 1. This advance will be made only upon 

 full security, the farmer binding himself to reimburse 

 the sum received, and to pay a fourth part of it as 

 fine, should the immigrants not have arrived in the 

 province within one year. 



SEC. 2. The number of colonists which the planter 

 must import in this case will be proportionate to the 

 advance received in the ratio fixed in Art. III. 



SEC. 3. Any farmer who thus obtains an advance 

 from the provincial treasury will be subject to the 

 following conditions : 1. To prove the arrival of 

 the colonists on his land. 2. To present documents 

 setting forth the nationality, name, aud social condi- 

 tion of each. 3. To present the contracts made by 

 himself or his agent with the colonists. 



SEC. 4. For the concession of this aid, the presi- 

 dent of the province will accept applications within 

 the term of three months from the advertisement to 

 be made. When one term ends, another will com- 

 mence, until the sum fixed by this law; is exhausted. 



ART. II. The president of the province is hereby 

 empowered to guarantee, during the term of thirty 

 years, seven per cent, interest to any company or 

 companies organized, at home or abroad, for the ex- 

 clusive purpose of assisting colonization and settling 

 immigrants within the province. 



SEC. 1. Among such companies will be considered 

 those who deal in lands and farms for sale or to lease 

 to immigrants, or for advancing money on loan, at 

 not over eight per cent, per annum, to planters and 

 establishes of agricultural colonies. 



SEC. 2. The companies may not give dividends 

 over ten per cent., the rest being applied to form 

 a reserve fund which will be destined to cover such 

 losses as shall be proved at the time of liquidation. 



SEC. 3. The capital guaranteed to all companies 

 formed in virtue of this law, may not exceed $10,- 

 000,000. 



ART. III. Any farmer having brought from Europe 

 or the United States, directly or by his agents, colo- 

 nists for the cultivation of his lands, may receive 

 from the public treasury half of the cost of passage 

 of each one, from embarkation in his country to 

 arrival at the farmer's establishment ; but not over 

 $50 per able-bodied person under fourteen years, 

 and $100 per able-bodied over fourteen and under 

 forty-five years. 



SEC. 1. Persons over forty-five years will be 



ided they bring 

 a family of over five persons. 



. . 

 ranked as those under fourteen, provi 



In the foregoing figures are included immi- 

 grants drawn to the country by special effort 



* See the articles "Argentine Eepublic" and "Bolivia "in 

 this volume. 



ART. IV. Immigrants from Europe or the United 

 States coming to this province and buying or leasing 

 for more than ten years lands to farm, may receive 

 from the provincial treasury the amount of their 

 passage, from embarkation in the country they emi- 

 grate from to the place wherein the lands bought 

 or leased by them are situated, and, in addition, for 

 their first expenses, three hundred francs each, if 

 single and over eighteen years, and six hundred 

 francs if having a family. 



SEC. 1. To have right to this aid, the immigrant 

 must first declare to the provincial government his 

 social condition, the place whence he emigrated, and 

 the date of his arrival in Brazil, and the province, 



