BRAZIL. 



spending period of the year immediately pre- 

 ceding it, indicate such recuperation as might 

 well compensate for more than one bad year. 



Brazil sent to foreign countries in 1872-' 73 

 fully 25 per cent, more coffee than was har- 

 vested in the great coffee-producing regions, 

 Java, Sumatra, Ceylon, Venezuela, and Hayti, 

 together. Compare as follows : 



1872-'73. Pounds. 



Java and Sumatra (whole crop) 134,400,000 



Ceylon " 100,800,000 



Venezuela " 58,240,000 



Hayti " 51,968,000 



Total of crops 345,408,000 



Exported from Brazil 461,510,836 



116,102,336 



Yet coffee-culture in the empire at the pres- 

 ent time is far inferior to the capabilities of the 

 country. Here is a statistical fact, at once in- 

 teresting now, and full of cheering significance 

 for the future of Brazil. Coffee can be pro- 

 duced throughout the whole country, and its 

 culture requires comparatively little labor and 

 skill. The average price per pound of the 

 coffee shipped from the empire in 1872-'73 

 was about 12 cents. 



Cotton and sugar are most extensively 

 shipped from Pernambuco, although Bahia 

 likewise exports large quantities of sugar. 



The subjoined table exhibits the shipping 

 movements at the various ports in the year 

 1873-74: 



ENTEBED. . . . \ 8 ^^S vessels.. . 

 ( Coasting-vessels 



( Coasting-vessels , 



_ 



*'|JJ j. 10,494, with an aggregate of 6,436,000 tons. 

 19,574, with an aggregate of 5,257,000 tons. 



7> 5S7 } 9 ' S81 > ^^ ^ aggregate of 6,538,000 tons. 

 19,548, with an aggregate of 4,914,000 tons. 



Mr. Barlow, Jr., of the engineering firm who 

 built the Tower Subway Tunnel under the 

 Thames at London, visited Kio de Janeiro to 

 inquire into the practicability of the projected 

 tunnel from Eio to Sao Domingos. In case 

 the soundings in that part of the bay should 

 prove favorable, and the underlying rock easily 

 pierced, it was regarded as probable that the 

 project would be realized at no very distant 

 day. The tunnel would pass beneath the bay 

 of Guanabara, and be three miles in length. 



The number of letters which passed through 

 the post-office in 1873-'74 was 12,059,681, of 

 which 6,502, 64 were by way of Rio de Janeiro. 



"The public revenue again shows its ordi- 

 nary rate of progress, notwithstanding the de- 

 crease in the customs receipts and the unfavor- 

 able aspect of production and commerce in 

 some provinces." * The following tables show 

 the national revenue and expenditure for the 

 fiscal year 1872-'73 : 



REVENUE. 



Import duties $30,140,522 



Shipping duties 284,385 



Export duties 9,668,826 



Interest on railway shares 74. 470 



Receipts of Dom Pedro II. Railway .'.'.'.' 8 399'912 



Post-Offlce 423,804 



Telegraphs 68760 



Stamp-duties 2,013,824 



Mutation duties ^ 1)50 544 



Taxes on industries, trade, etc l'517591 



Income-tax ; '255,550 



Real-estate tax 1,123,460 



T '"- ' 



EXPENDITURE. 



Ministry of the Interior* $3,607,429 



Ministry of Justice 1,997,381 



Ministry of Foreign Affairs 523,342 



Ministry of the Navy 8,947,722 



Ministry of "War 12,078,742 



Ministry of Finance 21,111,078 



Ministry of Commerce 12,676,086 



Total. 



Estimated expenditure for same year 54,861,427 



Deficit $6,075,258 



In the estimated budget for 1876-' 77, the revenue 



figures at $58,566,585 



The expenditure at 52,689,457 



Surplus $877,078 



Thus the effective revenue continues to show 

 a large advance from year to year, as compared 

 with the estimated revenue. 



The national debt stood as follows, on March 

 31, 1875: 



debt, at 5 per cent, interest, payable in 



Home debt, payable in paper money, $128,836,850 

 (Of this, $127,787,550 at 6 percent., 

 the remainder at 5 per cent.) Pay- 

 able in gold, at 6 per cent $13,959,750 



$88,588,111 



$142,796,100 



Licenses. . . 



228,825 



Mines. 



35186 

 Receipts extraordinary . ^i::^/.'.", 1,795,'637 



W47 



Slave liberation fund . 



766,572 



Sundries ".".".'.".'.'.I*.'. 1 '.".'.'. 734^676 



Total <Kf> n/K f.fr 



From the provinces IfBSoS 



Municipal receipts ','.'.'.'. '.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'. 2,275,959 



Total revenue cq AOT RQA 



Estimated revenue for same year'. '. . '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. ; '. (SRie! 



Floating debt debt prior to 1827 



Orphans' fund and deposits 16,448,950 



Treasury -notes, two, four, and six months 9,621,800 



Paper-money (Government notes) t 74,750,649 



Total $332,370,196 



The national assets on March 31, 1875, con- 

 sisted, besides tax arrearages (= $1,680,762), 

 and the indebtedness from railways (= $4,- 

 543,257), of a debt owed by the Platine States, 

 amounting in aggregate to $6,495,352, of which 

 $6,425,213 by the Argentine Republic. 



Here follows a list of the schools (with the 

 attendance thereat) in the various provinces 

 of the empire : 



Surplus. 



$15,691,423 



* Emperor's speech, 1875. 



* For the several branches of expenditure in this depart- 

 ment, see ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA for 1874. 



t Exclusive of the notes of the Bank of Brazil, and of the 

 Banks of Maranhao, Pernambuco. and Bahia, the amount of 

 which in circulation was $16,500,000, at 5 per cent, interest. 



