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BRITISH COLUMBIA. 



BUCHANAN, ROBERT. 



near Lexington, Ky., January 21, 1821 ; died 

 in Lexington, Ky., May IT, 1875, aged 53 years. 

 He was a grandson of John Breckenridge, 

 United States Senator and Attorney-General. 

 He was educated at Centre College, Danville, 

 studied law at Transylvania Institute, and, 

 after a short residence in Iowa, settled at Lex- 

 ington. At the breaking out of the war with 

 Mexico, in 1847, he was elected major in a 

 regiment of Kentucky volunteers. While on 

 duty in Mexico, he was employed by General 

 Pillow as his counsel in his litigation with his 

 associates and superiors. On his return, he 

 was elected to the Kentucky House of Repre- 

 sentatives. In 1851 he was elected to Con- 

 gress, and reflected in 1853. At the election 

 in 1856 he was chosen Vice-President, with 

 Mr. Buchanan as President. In 1860 he was 

 the candidate for President chosen by the 

 Southern delegates of the Democratic Con- 

 vention who separated from those who sup- 

 ported Stephen A. Douglas. In the same year 

 he was elected United States Senator as the suc- 

 cessor of John J. Crittenden. At the outbreak 

 of the civil war he defended the Southern Con- 

 federacy in the Senate, soon after went South, 

 entered the Confederate army, and was voted 

 expelled from the Senate in December, 1861. 

 The following summer (August 5th) he was ap- 

 pointed a major-general. He commanded the 

 Confederate reserve at Shiloh, April 6, 1862 ; 

 was repulsed in the attack on Baton Rouge in 

 August, 1862 ; commanded a division in Gen- 

 eral Polk's corps at Murfreesboro, December 

 31, 1862 ; at Chickamauga, November 25, 

 1863; defeated General Sigel near Newmar- 

 ket, May 13, 1864; then joined General Lee's 

 army, and was at the battle of Cold Harbor, 

 June 3, 1864 ; was defeated by General Sheri- 

 dan in the Shenandoah Valley, September, 

 1864; defeated General Gillem in East Ten- 

 nessee, November 12, 1864; and was in the 

 battle near Nashville, December 15, 1864. He 

 was Secretary of War in Jefferson Davis's cab- 

 inet from February, 1865, till the surrender of 

 General J. E. Johnston, when he went to Eu- 

 rope by way of Cuba. He returned in 1868 

 with a determination to take no further part 

 in politics, and to devote himself entirely to 

 his profession. As Vice-President he was the 

 youngest officer who had ever held that posi- 

 tion. For several years he had suffered from 

 pulmonary disease. A short time before his 

 death his physicians, suspecting disease of the 

 liver, performed two surgical operations, which 

 afforded him no relief. 



BRITISH COLUMBIA is bounded north by 

 the parallel of 60 north latitude, east by the 

 Rocky Mountains, south by the United States, 

 and west by the Pacific Ocean and Alaska. It 

 includes Vancouver Island and the Queen 

 Charlotte Islands. The population in 1871, 

 exclusive of Indians, consisted of 8,576 whites, 

 462 negroes, and 1,548 Chinese ; total, 10,586'. 

 The chief towns are Victoria (the capital) on 

 Vancouver Island, having about 4,500 inhab- 



itants, and New Westminster on the north 

 bank of the Fraser River, fifteen miles from its 

 mouth, with about 2,000 inhabitants. The 

 province is chiefly noted for its gold mines. 

 The amount known to be exported from 1862 

 to 1871 was $16,650,000. The government of 

 the province is vested in a Lieutenant-Gov- 

 ernor, an Executive Council of four members, 

 and a Legislative Assembly of twenty -five 

 members. The chief judicial functions are ex- 

 ercised by a Supreme Court, consisting of a 

 chief-justice and two puisne judges. 



BRUNNOW, BARON PHILIP DK, a Russian 

 statesman, was born August 31, 1797, at Dres- 

 den, Saxony; and died April 12, 1875, at 

 Darmstadt. He entered the service of Russia 

 in 1818, when he received an appointment in 

 the Foreign Department. In 1839 he was sent 

 as embassador to the courts of Stuttgart and 

 Darmstadt, and in the fall of the same year 

 he received a special mission to London, to 

 bring about a better understanding between 

 the British and Russian courts on the Oriental 

 question. Having been appointed embassador 

 to England in 1840, he brought about the 

 treaty of July 15, 1840, by which France and 

 Great Britain were separated while the agree- 

 ment of the Northern powers with England 

 brought about a temporary settlement. Baron 

 de Brunnow also sought by the navigation 

 treaty of 1849 to bind the British merchants 

 to Russia, while the interests in the north of 

 Europe of the two countries were to be united 

 by the agreement at London of 1852. In spite 

 of all, however, he was unable to prevent the 

 Oriental crisis. After the Crimean War he 

 took part in the treaty of peace at Paris as 

 the representative of Russia. In 1858 he was 

 again sent to London, where he took part in 

 the conference of 1864 as the representative 

 of Russia. In 1874 he was forced to ask for 

 his discharge on account of his old age, and he 

 retired to Darmstadt, where he remained up to 

 his death. 



BUCHANAN, Rev. Dr. ROBEET, one of the 

 leaders of the Free Church of Scotland, was 

 born about the year 1800, near Stirling, and 

 died at Rome, March 30, 1875. He was or- 

 dained a minister of the Established Church 

 of Scotland in 1827, and was settled first at 

 Gargunnock, next in Salton, and in 1834 he was 

 transferred to Glasgow, where he labored for 

 forty years. His first charge in that city was 

 the " Tron." At the " Disruption " in 1843 he 

 kept the Establishment with most of his peo- 

 ple. There were four movements with which 

 he was connected : first, the non-intrusion con- 

 troversy. Along with Chalmers and other 

 distinguished ministers, he opposed patronage, 

 and demanded that the people have a voice in 

 4 the selection of their own pastors. Thus the 

 struggle began. Dr. Buchanan has written an 

 account of this and kindred events 1 in his "Ten 

 Years' Conflict." The next movement was 

 called " Church Extension," the result of which 

 is the gathering of six additional congregations 



