246 DONNER, JOHA.NN J. 0. 



DUFOUR, HENRY. 



MANUFACTURES. 



The value of the fisheries in 1873 was 

 $10,754,998.44; in 1874, $11,681,886.20. The 

 number of post-offices on the 1st of January, 

 1875, was 4,706, of which 2,943 were in Onta- 

 rio and Quebec, 633 in New Brunswick, 868 in 

 Nova Scotia, 36 in Manitoba, 47 in British Co- 

 lumbia, and 179 in Prince Edward Island. The 

 number of miles of postal route for the year 

 was 38,087, and number of miles traveled over, 

 13,929,180. The number of letters and postal- 

 cards carried was 39,358,500; newspapers, 

 29,000,000; registered letters, 1,562,900; free 

 letters, 1,432,200 ; and parcels, 102,800. The 

 revenue was $1,476,207, and the expenditure 

 $1,695,480. The number of money-order offices 

 was 705, and the orders issued covered an 

 amount of $6,815,329. Post-office savings-banks 

 are established in Ontario and Quebec. The 

 number of such on the 30th of June, 1874, was 

 266 ; the number of depositors, 24,968, and the 

 amount at the credit of depositors, $3,204,965. 

 Since 1870 the number of post-offices has in- 

 creased twenty-five and one-half per cent. 

 During the same period the letters and postal- 

 cards transmitted have increased sixty per 

 cent. The revenue has increased during these 

 five years forty-six per cent. The correspond- 

 ence with the United States shows a marked 

 increase, the amount of postage collected on it 

 during the year having been $478,516. 



DONNER, JOHANN JAKOB CHRISTIAN, a Ger- 

 man translator of the classic poets, was born 

 October 10, 1799, in Crefeld ; died March 29, 

 1875, in Stuttgart. From 1817 to 1822 he 

 studied philology, philosophy, and theology, at 

 Tubingen, became in 1823 lecturer at the The- 

 ological Institute in the same place, in 1827 

 professor at the Gymnasium in Ellwangen, and 

 in 1843 professor in Stuttgart. He resigned 

 his ^professorship in 1852, to devote himself 

 entirely to literary labors. Encouraged by 

 Voss in Heidelberg, and Conz in Tubingen, he 

 set himself to the task of rendering the works 

 of the Greek and Roman poets into German 

 in their original metres. The first of his trans- 

 lations were those of the satires of Juvenal 

 (1821), and of Persius (1822), which were fol- 

 lowed, in 1833, by a translation of the " Lusiad" 

 by Camoens. His talent as a translator was 

 clearly proved by these first attempts, but he 

 achieved a still higher reputation by the trans- 

 lation of the tragedies of Sophocles (1839), 

 which has already appeared in its seventh edi- 

 tion. This was followed by the works of Eu- 

 ripides (1841-'43), ^Eschylus (1854), Aris- 

 tophanes (1854), the Iliad (1855), the Odyssey 



(1859), and Pindar (1865). He then again 

 turned his attention to the Romans, published 

 Terence (1864), Plautus (1864), and Quintus 

 SmyrnsBUS (1867). 



DRESSEL, ALBERT, a German writer, was 

 born July 9, 1808 ; died November 11, 1875. 

 He studied philology and theology in Berlin, and 

 in 1836 accompanied Herr von Bunsen, the Prus- 

 sian embassador to Rome, as his private secre- 

 tary. In consequence of his assiduous literary 

 labors he contracted a disease of the eyes, which 

 in the course of three years resulted in total 

 blindness. He nevertheless continued his stu- 

 dies with the aid of a secretary, and in this way 

 produced the highly-valued critical editions 

 of the Apostolic Fathers (" Patres Apostolici," 

 Leipsic, 1857; second edition, 1863), of the 

 poems of Aurelius Prudentius, the epistles of 

 Clemens Romanus, of the Clementines, and 

 of other works. He also published from Roman 

 archives four important documents, relative 

 to the history of Protestantism before, during, 

 and after the Reformation (Berlin, second edi- 

 tion, 1872). He was at the same time a cor- 

 respondent of the Cologne, the Voss, and the 

 Augsburg Gazettes, and by his communications 

 to these papers gave great offense to the Papal 

 Government, and particularly to the Jesuits, 

 so that in 1869 the Pope ordered his expulsion; 

 but, owing to the protection afforded him by 

 the Prussian Government, his expulsion was 

 never effected. During the last years he suf- 

 fered much from disease. 



DUFOUR, HENRY, a Swiss general, was 

 born September 15, 1787 ; died July 14, 1875. 

 With the annexation of Geneva, in the early 

 part of the century, he became a French citi- 

 zen, and as such entered, in 1807, the Poly- 

 technic School in Paris. In 1809 he was ap- 

 pointed a lieutenant in the engineer corps. He 

 took part in the campaigns of Napoleon, and, 

 when in 1815 Geneva was again united with 

 Switzerland, he entered the Swiss engineer 

 corps, and from 1817 to 1827 served as in- 

 structor in the Military School at Thun. In 

 1831 he was appointed quartermaster-general 

 of the Federal army, and in 1832 chief of the 

 Military School, in which capacity he for a time 

 instructed Louis Napoleon, afterward Emperor 

 of France, with whom he formed an intimate 

 friendship, which lasted until the death of the 

 emperor. In the mean while the differences 

 between the Catholic and Protestant cantons 

 had assumed a threatening aspect. The Cath- 

 olic cantons formed the "Sonderbund," which 

 defied the laws of the Confederation. A call 



