256 



EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. 



teachers, and an increase of 34 female teachers ; the 

 averao-e monthly pay of the former (including board) 

 has increased from $40.78 to $44.87, and that of the 

 latter from $23.84 to $24.90. The methods of in- 

 struction are said to be better than they have been, 

 and drawing and vocal music receive more attention 

 in many schools. The State Normal School reports 

 122 pupils and 28 graduates in 1874. Secondary in- 

 struction has been given in 34 high-schools and 52 

 academies ; and the one college, with its associated 

 scientific and agricultural departments, reports 54 

 professors and tutors and 281 students, besides 8 

 professors and 78 students in the medical depart- 

 ment. The State has made a direct contribution to 

 the Normal School and State Agricultural College, 

 but cut oif the appropriation for teachers' institutes. 



Vermont, with an increase of 6,056 in school popu- 

 lation (5 to 20), shows a decrease of 16,557 in attend- 

 ance on all schools. At the same time, the number 

 of teachers was 292 greater than in 1873, there were 

 90 more schoolhouses and 133 more in good con- 

 dition, and $80,399 were expended on new school- 

 houses, against $58,429 in 1873. The State Board of 

 Education has been abolished, and a State Superin- 

 tendent of Public Instruction substituted for it. "Jhe 

 3 State normal schools report 401 students, of whom 

 90 were graduated. Secondary instruction has been 

 given in 87 incorporated academies and county gram- 

 mar-schools. The 3 colleges give an aggregate of 

 186 undergraduates, with 51 medical students, in the 

 autumn of 1874. 



Massachusetts shows an increase of 7,270 in the at- 

 tendance on public schools, and in all schools of 

 probably 9,000 ; also, an increase of $364,157.37 in 

 receipts from taxation for school purposes. The 

 average monthly pay of male teachers has been about 

 double that in the two adjacent Northern States, and 

 that of female teachers about $9 more. The sum of 

 $1,646,670.35 was spent during the year for building 

 and repairing schoolhouses. Instruction in draw- 

 ing (now general in all the city schools) has made 

 most encouraging advance. The 4 older normal 

 schools report 1,133 pupils, of whom 182 were grad- 

 uated, and the new one at Worcester 69 pupils. In 

 the Normal Art School were 188 pupils, 55 more than 

 the preceding year. Secondary instruction was given 

 in 209 high-schools, in at least 50 academies, and in 

 21 preparatory schools, to perhaps 20,000 pupils. In 

 2 universities and 5 colleges were 1,517 collegiate 

 students ; in 4 scientific schools, 547 students ; and 

 in theological, medical, and legal courses, 1,020. 



In Rhode Island, the receipts for public schools 

 were $155,900.28 more than in 1873; the increased 

 expenditure for them, $88,039.25 ; the registration 

 of pupils, the same for the two years ; the number 

 of teachers, greater by 264 than in 1873, and their 

 average pay larger ; the number of evening schools 

 and of their pupils, both considerably larger. Sec- 

 ondary instruction was given in 12 high-schools, 4 

 academies, 5 preparatory schools, and 1 business- 

 college. The State Normal School had 141 students, 

 and the 1 college of the State, 253. 



Connecticut shows an increase of $99,820.19 in re- 

 ceipts for school purposes, an increase of $70,357.51 

 paid for teachers' wages, an aggregate of $226,705.78 

 expended for new schoolhouses, and a greater regis- 

 tration by nearly 4,000 in her public schools, though 

 other schools show a considerable decrease. The 

 one normal school had 180 students ; the high-schools 

 and academies, upward of 5,000 ; the colleges, 955 

 in collegiate and 248 in scientific courses ; the pro- 

 fessional schools, 265 studying theology, law, and 

 medicine. 



MIDDLE STATES. 



New York reports a gross receipt of $12,088,762.98 

 for public schools, $532,725 more than for the pre- 

 ceding year. Of this sum, $7,415,181.39 was ex- 

 pended for teachers' wages, $1,994,132 for school- 

 house sites and buildings, $294,145.68 for school ap- 

 paratus, $27,203.79 for school-district libraries and 



$74,611.49 for schools for colored children. To nine- 

 ty-eight academies, in which 1,661 students were 

 being trained as teachers, $47,861.98 were given : 

 and to eight State normal schools, with 2,913 normal 

 pupils, $150.027.79, this not including, it is believed, 

 what New York City gave its normal schools, which 

 had in them 1,300 "pupils. The number of pupils 

 in public schools was 1,030,779 ; in private schools, 

 135,956 ; in normal schools, 6,319 j in academies, 

 27,887 ; in colleges, 3,414 ; in professional and scien- 

 tific schools, about 3,600. 

 In flew Jersey, the number of pupils in the public 



6,949 over the 



previous year. The whole revenue for maintenance 

 of the schools, besides $613,237. 84 for building school- 

 houses, was $1,691,160.29, a decrease of $145,192.82 

 from that of the preceding year, owing to a deficien- 

 cy of local tax to supplement the State appropriation. 

 There were 85 more teachers than last year, 13 more 

 school-buildings, and 194 more school departments ; 

 and the cost per scholar was $3.33 less. In private 

 schools there were 36,527 pupils, and 71,895 children 

 of school age are supposed to have attended no school. 

 The State Normal School had 269 pupils ; the Farnum 

 Preparatory School, 12; and in three city normal 

 schools were nearly 80 candidates for teachership, 

 besides 250 teachers preparing for higher work. The 

 number of high-schools and pupils does not appear, 

 but 3,013 pupils are reported in thirty-six academies 

 and four preparatory schools ; 253 in three business 

 colleges ; 110 in the preparatory classes of colleges ; 

 645 in the collegiate classes ; 181 in three scientific 

 schools, and 295 in four theological seminaries. 



Pennsylvania reports an increase in school-districts 

 of 21 ; in schools, of 336 ; in graded schools, of 279 ; 

 in teachers, of 238 ; in pupils registered, of 16,754; 

 in average attendance, of 31,608 . in expenditure for 

 tuition, of $201,510.56 ; for buildings, fuel, and con- 

 tingencies, of $301,298.91 ; and for all school pur- 

 poses, of $502,103.47; the total for the last-men- 

 tionea, including normal schools and orphan-schools, 

 reaching $9,408,819.37. Of this sum, $110,000 went 

 to the eight normal schools, which had 2,915 normal 

 pupils, besides 941 in model schools. About 40,000 

 pupils appear to be engaged in secondary studies ; 

 about 2,300 in classical courses, and about 300 in 

 scientific courses of the colleges ; 570 in theological, 

 56 in legal, and 1,109 in medical studies. 



Delaware remained, in 1874, under her old and in- 

 effective school-law, the chief educational activities 

 developing themselves in the city schools of Wil- 

 mington, which enrolled nearly 6,000 children ; in 

 the Association for the Education of Colored People, 

 which maintained twenty-eight schools, with 1,200 

 pupils ; in a few academies and seminaries, which 

 gave secondary training to from 400 to 500 pupils ; 

 and in the State College, which had 45 students. A 

 new school-law was, however, enacted early in 1875, 

 in which the modern improvements in organization, 

 including State supervision, were adopted. 



Maryland appears to have received for public 

 schools $59,699.71 less than in the preceding year, 

 but to have expended on them $108,824.70 more, in- 

 creasing her schools by 60 and her teachers by 134. 

 There nas been considerable increase in the ex- 

 penditure for teachers' salaries, for building school- 

 houses, and for books. The State Normal School 

 had, during the year, 174 pupils, and the School for 

 training Colored Teachers, 246. In the Baltimore 

 City College, in eighteen academies aided by the 

 State, in seven preparatory schools of colleges, and 

 in twenty independent schools, about 4,600 pupils 

 have been in secondary studies ; in seven colleges 

 there have been 477 in collegiate ; in two schools of 

 science, 373 ; and in eleven professional schools, 732 

 have been studying theology, medicine, or law. 



SOUTHERN STATES. 



Virginia shows an increase in receipts for public 

 schools of $54,570.97; in expenditures on them, of 

 $58,651.21 ; in the number of schools, of 205 ; in the 



