EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. 



257 



number of graded schools, of 32 j in the number of 

 new school-buildings, of 263 ; in the number of 

 teachers, of 205 ; and in the enrollment of pupils, 

 of 13,016. There has been a slight advance, too ; in 

 teachers' wages ; an improvement in school- build- 

 ings and furniture, and, in the absence of a normal 

 school for whites, an increased instruction of teach- 

 ers at county institutes. Two schools for training 

 colored teachers have had about 300 pupils. In 27 

 academies, 11 higher female seminaries, 7 prepara- 

 tory schools, and 1 business-college, 3,034 students 

 have been under training. In 8 colleges and uni- 

 versities there were 1,209 undergraduates : in 2 sci- 

 entific schools, 484 ; and in 9 professional schools, 

 388. 



North Carolina, made no report for 1874. It is be- 

 lieved, however, that about 3,500 public schools were 

 taught, and attended by over 100,000 white and over 

 50,000 colored children. In 2 normal schools there 

 were 94 students ; in 28 schools for secondary train- 

 ing, 1.500 ; in 4 colleges, 267 ; and in 2 professional 

 schools, 75. 



South Carolina reports a net receipt of $478,767.37 

 for public schools, and an expenditure of $431,500.34 

 upon them ; with an enrollment of 44,470 white and 

 56,249 colored children. There was an increase of 

 162 teachers, of 196 schools, and of 192 new school- 

 houses. From 6 academies, 1 institute, and 7 higher 

 schools for females, 895 pupils were reported ; in the 

 university and 6 colleges, 436 preparatory and 287 

 collegiate, with 20 students ol agriculture, 126 of 

 theology, 16 of law, and 61 of medicine. 



Georgia reports 2,223 free schools for white and 

 669 for colored children, with an enrollment of 84,673 

 whites and 37,267 colored ; 617 private elementary 

 schools, with 25,745 pupils ; 86 private high-schools, 

 with 4,957 pupils ; 11 colleges, with 833 students ; 

 to which number the bureau can add at least 800 

 more in female colleges and 721 in scientific and pro- 

 fessional schools. 



From Florida the information is imperfect, in con- 

 sequence of the death of State Superintendent Gibbs, 

 before the report for the year could be made. Still, 

 there appears to be improvement, the receipts for 

 school purposes being $5,735.23 more than the pre- 

 vious year, and the expenditure $28,481.61 more. 

 The increase in the number of schools was 46, and 

 of pupils 1,586. The State Agricultural College 

 was still in abeyance, its funds locked up in State 

 securities. 



In Alabama the embarrassments of 1872-'73 con- 

 tinued, greatly affecting all the lower schools. The 

 normal schools, private and public, seem, however, 

 to have gone forward, having about 500 pupils. In 

 7 secondary schools, 782 pupils were reported, and 

 in 8 colleges 331 preparatory students, 274 collegi- 

 ate, 108 agricultural and mechanical, 8 theological, 

 and 95 medical. 



In Louisiana the State Superintendent of Instruc- 

 tion speaks hopefully of the educational condition, 

 though he admits that in many instances treasurers 

 have been unfaithful, directors negligent, and teach- 

 ers miserably ill paid. Eace prejudices have also 

 sometimes interfered with the action of the school- 

 laws. Still, there is a gain in the receipts for schools 

 of $110.595.43 over the preceding year ; in attend- 

 ance, of 16,866 ; in the number of schools, of 175 ; 

 and of teachers, 18. The value of schoolhpuses 

 and sites, of school apparatus and school furniture, 

 is also reported to have increased, though, out of 

 New Orleans^ there are said to be few schoolhouses 

 in good condition. Three normal schools, not under 

 State control, have had over 200 pupils. In private 

 schools, 22,306 scholars are reported, with about 

 1,600 under secondary training, 392 in preparatory 

 schools of colleges, 232 in the colleges themselves, 

 and 196 in professional schools. 



Texas, with a rapidly-increasing population, shows 

 great inadequacy of educational provisions. An in- 

 debtedness of nearly half a million to the teachers 

 VOL. xv. 17 A 



is reported ; there was also difficulty in obtaining 

 schoolhouses, the law not authorizing the payment 

 of rent and not providing funds enough to build. 

 The establishment of 3 normal schools is recom- 

 mended, there being none at present. In 11 acade- 

 mies and seminaries, 2 business colleges, and 8 pre- 

 paratory schools of colleges, 2,265 pupils were re- 

 ported ; in 8 colleges, 701 students ; in 8 schools for 

 superior instruction of females, 245 in studies equiva- 

 lent to collegiate ; and in 2 professional schools, 25 

 students of theology and medicine. 



In Arkansas, the public schools were prostrate for 

 the year, awaiting action of the Legislature for their 

 revival. But in the normal department of the State 

 Industrial University, 53 students were preparing 

 to be teachers ; in 3 schools for secondary training 

 there were 258 students ; in the preparatory depart- 

 ment of the university and 2 colleges, 248 ; in col- 

 legiate classes, 119. 



In Mississippi the opposition to the public-school 

 system is said to be steadily diminishing, the idea 

 of popular education to be more and more favorably 

 entertained, and the free schools to be now receiving 

 very general support. The receipts for these schools 

 were over $900,000 for the year; the number of 

 schools, 3,846 ; the average attendance, about one- 

 third of the children of school age ; the value of 

 school property, $505,790.56. In 2 normal schools 

 there were 300 students. Eeturns from 2 out of 8 

 schools for secondary training show 117 pupils ; pre- 

 paratory schools of colleges, 553. In 6 colleges there 

 were 292 students ; in 7 institutions for superior in- 

 struction of females, 789 ; and in 1 school of theolo- 

 gy,^. 



Tennessee reports a receipt of $998,459.10 for pub- 

 lic schools, more than half the school population 

 enrolled in them, and more than one-third in average 

 daily attendance ; the number of teachers, 5,551, and 

 their average salary, $33 per month. The city school 

 systems appear to be working well, through extra 

 aid received from the Peabody fund. Through the 

 same means 10 teachers' institutes were held during 

 the year, doing much toward training good school- 

 teachers, there being yet no normal school under 

 State direction. In 3 city high-schools there were 

 about 500 pupils ; in 46 private schools, 4,866 ; in 4 

 business colleges, 554 ; in preparatory schools of 

 colleges, 1,920 ; in 15 colleges, 699 ; and in 6 pro- 

 fessional schools, 471. 



Kentucky presents imperfect statistics, owing to 

 the meagre returns from local officers to the State 

 Superintendent ; but enough appears to show that 

 although, from want of funds, her school term has 

 been short, and the enrollment in schools propor- 

 tionately less than in Tennessee, still, there has been 

 a perceptible advance. Public sentiment is more in 

 favor of free schools ; provision for the education of 

 the colored population in them has at last been made, 

 so far as the income from tax on the property of col- 

 ored persons and any moneys that may be received 

 from the United States will go ; 141 new school- 

 houses have been built ; a more general organization 

 of teachers' institutes has been effected ; the estab- 

 lishment of a State Normal School has been pretty 

 well resolved upon ; in 3 private normal schools, 2 

 colleges, and 2 city training-schools, about 300 per- 

 sonslmve been preparing to teach ; about 4,000 have 

 received secondary training ; about 1,000 appear in 

 12 colleges, not counting in the female colleges ; and 

 in 11 professional schools were 225 students of the- 

 ology, 16 of law, and 616 of medicine. 



West Virginia reports a receipt of $740,938.69 for 

 public schools, an expenditure greater by $138,689.40 

 than in 1873, a school attendance 27,256 greater, 218 

 more school-buildings, 357 pupils in 4 of the 7 nor- 

 mal schools, 834 in secondary schools, 414 in college 

 studies, and 43 in theological. 



It should be observed in general, with reference to 

 the Southern States, that much aid is received from 

 other quarters. Considerable donations have been 



