258 



EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. 



made to higher institutions of learning^ Several re- 

 li.nous denominations have been active m organizing 

 schools of all grades; among the most notable are 

 those of the American Missionary Association. The 

 Peabody fund has continued to extend its most em- 

 oient aid in the States designated for its benefactions. 



<JREAT LAKE AND NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI STATES. 



A prominent educational feature in these States, 

 with the exception of Ohio and Illinois, is their 

 crowning of the free-school system with State uni- 

 versities, to which graduates from the higher grades 

 of free schools maybe admitted without other exam- 

 ination than they have passed with approval in the 

 schools. 



Ohio reports a school population of 985,947 ; an 

 enrollment in public schools of 707,943 ; an average 

 attendance of 429,680 ; receipts, $8,300,594 ; expen- 

 diture for school-buildings, $1,474,083. There are 

 no State normal schools, but 10 under private or col- 

 legiate or city auspices report 2,220 pupils ; high- 

 schools, 24,229 ; private academies, 5,151 ; prepara- 

 tory schools, 4,771; business colleges, 2,441; 13 

 higher schools for women, 1,342 ; 2 scientific schools, 

 148 ; 12 schools of theology, 332 ; 2 law schools, 67 ; 

 11 medical schools, 1,177. 



Michigan shows an enrollment in public schools 

 of about 330,000 out of 436,694 of school age ; an av- 

 erage attendance of 170,000; a sum of $4,094,776 re- 

 ceived for school purposes, and $536,307 expended 

 for school-buildings. Among the signs of progress 

 are better school-buildings, improved school-furni- 

 ture, and increased pay to more fully-educated teach- 

 ers. The State Normal School has had 329 pupils, 

 and the State University and 4 colleges have main- 

 tained normal classes. In private and parochial 

 schools there have been some 20.000 pupils; in 

 schools for secondary training, 8,286 ; in the State 

 Agricultural College, 121 ; and in 6 professional 

 schools, 826. 



Indiana reports 489,044 pupils enrolled in public 

 schools, only 2,010 less than the whole number be- 

 tween 6 and 16. The school fund reached $8,711,319 5 

 the school revenue, $2,211.328; the number ot 

 schools, 9,105 ; the number of teachers, 13,005 ; and 

 479 schoolhouses were built during the year. In 2 

 normal schools there were 1,026 pupils, and 19,033 

 in schools for secondary training. The State Uni- 

 versity and 16 colleges report. 1,613 students; 9 in- 

 stitutions for superior instruction of females, 149 ; 

 the State Agricultural University, 19 ; 2 law schools, 

 58 ; 2 medical schools, 133. 



Illinois reports an increase of $191,556 in her per- 

 manent school fund, but shows the effect of the 

 financial troubles of the year in a decrease of $1,365,- 

 850.80 in receipts for public schools and a decrease of 

 $1,393,759.80 in expenditures. Still, $1,009,960 were 

 expended on school sites and buildings, and there 

 was an increase in enrollment of 17,466, in average 

 attendance of 31,830, and in the number of teachers 

 of 354. The whole number of public schools was 

 11,649, with an average daily attendance of 383,334 ; 

 the number of pay-schools, 541, with an enrollment 

 of 51,022. In the two State normal schools and 

 others there were 1,800 normal pupils, and 11,386 in 

 schools for secondary training, exclusive or high- 

 schools, in which there were probably as many 

 more. In colleges there were 2,835 students; in 

 schools of science, 486 ; in schools of law, theology, 

 and medicine, 985. 



Wisconsin raised for her 5,113 public schools 

 $2,667,050; employed in them, notwithstanding a 

 somewhat less attendance, 429 more teachers than 

 in 1873 ; increased her school sittings by 4,306 ; 

 trained in her 3 State normal schools about 700 pu- 

 pils ; in secondary schools, 2,200 ; in college classes, 

 405; m professional schools, 150; and in special 

 schools, 556. 



Minnesota reports an increase of $122,502 in her 

 permanent school fund, of $19,205 in the interest of 



this fund apportioned to the schools, of $368,478 in 

 total receipts for school purposes, of $202,497 in ex- 

 penditure for them, of 14,129 in school population, 

 of 4,319 in attendance upon public schools, of 276 in 

 the number both of schools and teachers, of 187 in 

 the number of schoolhouses. and of $1.48 to $4.46 

 in the monthly pay of teachers. The number of 

 pupils in public schools is 128,902 ; in normal and 

 other schools for secondary training, 4,920. 



Iowa reports an increase of $307,598.62 in receipts 

 for public schools, and of $200,423.62 in expendi- 

 tures. The increase in school population was 15,- 

 001 ; in the enrollment in public schools, 17,553 ; in 

 average attendance, 22,947; in number of school- 

 houses, 852 ; in value of school property, $1,337,- 

 750. The normal departments of the university and 

 "Whittier College had 63 students ; such secondary 

 schools as were reported, 5,543; colleges, 1,127; 

 professional schools, 414 ; 3 special schools, 284. 



MISSOURI RIVER STATES. 



The system here continued in 1874 the same as in 

 the preceding year, a State Superintendent of in- 

 struction, with county superintendents under him, 

 presiding over and supervising public schools in 

 each State, while a State university, as in the last- 

 named section of States, stood at the head of the 

 free schools to receive their graduates, though with 

 less definite arrangements in respect to their admis- 

 sion. 



Missouri shows an increase of 2,537 in school pop- 

 ulation, of $72,198.41 in receipts for school purposes, 

 and of $714,548.83 in permanent county school funds. 

 But in other particulars there appears no change, 

 except in St. Louis, where the advance is continu- 

 ous and great. The normal schools (State, city, col- 

 legiate, and independent) had 1,887 pupils ; the sec- 

 ondary schools, including business colleges, 9,765 ; 

 the university and colleges, 1,258 collegiate and 145 

 scientific students; professional schools, 844; two 

 special schools, 246. 



Kansas reports a decrease of $18,340.28 in receipts 

 for public schools, but an increase in expenditures 

 of $7,282.19 in permanent school fund, of 410 in the 

 number of schoolhouses, and of 1,020 in the num- 

 ber of teachers. In four normal schools, one of them 

 for the colored race, there were 574 pupils ; in sec- 

 ondary schools, 2,215; in collegiate classes, 415; in 

 the institution for the blind, 40. 



Nebraska increased her receipts for public schools 

 from $901,190 in 1873 to $988,740 in 1874, and the 

 expenditure for them from $751,904 to $1,004,957. 

 The number of schoolhouses was increased by 378, 

 the number of teachers by 513, and the number of 

 enrolled pupils by 9,846. The State Normal School 

 had 87 pupils, and, as far as can be gathered from 

 returns received, there were 786 students in second- 

 ary schools, 67 in collegiate classes, and 2 in a pro- 

 fessional school, with 53 in the State Institute for 

 the Deaf and Dumb. 



STATES ON THE PACIFIC SLOPE. 



Nevada, in her third biennial report, shows im- 

 provement in almost every particular. The school 

 funds have increased from $104,000 to $250,000 ; the 

 school population from 5,675 to 6,315; the school 

 attendance from 77 to 84 per cent. More than $50,000 

 has been expended upon schoolhouses ; 13 new dis- 

 tricts have been formed ; 39 more teachers employed ; 

 a preparatory school for the future university erected, 

 and the few deaf and dumb trained in the school at 

 Oakland, Cal. 



Oregon. The first biennial report from Oregon 

 states that, notwithstanding great embarrassments 

 growing out of the scattered settlement of a com- 

 paratively poor and scanty population over a large 

 extent of country, the public schools have enjoyed 

 considerable prosperity and have made commend- 

 able progress. The work of organization is going 

 forward; the examination of teachers is being made 



