260 



EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Of the 343 colleges. 300 report libraries, the ag- 

 gregate number of volumes being 1,830,455 ; 158 re- 

 port 406,144 volumes in society libraries ; 152 report 

 an increase in libraries during the year of 78,495 

 volumes. The value of grounds, buildings, and ap- 

 paratus reported by 303 colleges was $39,170,223 ; 

 the amount of productive funds reported by 178 

 colleges, $28,080,309; the income from productive 

 funds reported by 168 colleges, $1,801,890 ; the re- 

 ceipts from tuition fees for the last year in 208 col- 

 leges, $1,768,929; the amount of State appropriations 

 received by 25 colleges, $611,676 ; and the aggregate 

 amount of scholarship funds reported by 58 colleges, 

 $1,999,338. 



SUMMARY OF STATISTICS OF SUPERIOR INSTRUCTION. 



The whole number of students reported in insti- 

 tutions for superior instruction is 48, 855; of whom 

 26,515 are in colleges, 5,085 in schools of science, 

 and 17,255 in schools for the superior instruction of 

 women. 



In connection with these statistics is presented 

 a summary of students in classical and scientific 

 preparatory courses. The number preparing for a 

 college course is 11,032 ; preparing for classical 

 course in college: in academies 5,112, in preparatory 

 schools 3,655 ; preparing for scientific course in col- 

 lege : in academies 2,705, in preparatory schools 

 951, in preparatory departments of scientific schools 

 1,584 total number in preparatory courses, 25,039. 



COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS. 



In 1871, an effort was made to collect statistics of 

 college entrance examinations. It turned out, how- 

 ever, that very few colleges kept a record of such 

 facts ; only six colleges were able to report with any 

 degree of definiteness. This year the effort has been 

 renewed, with the following valuable result from 62 

 universities and colleges. It appears that the total 

 number of candidates for these several institutions 

 was 3,515 ; that of the total number admitted with- 

 out conditions was 2,015 ; that 486 were conditioned 

 in Latin, 471 in Greek, 559 in mathematics, 227 in 

 history and geography ; and that, of those rejected, 

 53 failed in Latin, 62 in Greek, 144 in mathematics, 

 74 in history and geography, and 346 in two or more 

 subjects of examination. 



SCHOOLS OF SCIENCE. 



The number of institutions and departments of 

 this class, as reported to the Bureau, is 72 ; the num- 

 ber of instructors, 609 ; number of students, 7,244. 

 The number of institutions reported in 1874 is great- 

 er by two, the number of instructors less by 140, and 

 the attendance less by 1,606, than in 1873. The num- 

 ber of students in preparatory courses is 1,252; in 

 regular courses, 4,037 ; in partial courses, 268 ; in 

 post-graduate courses, 51. 



The Commissioner alludes to an inquiry instituted 

 by order of the House of Eepresentatives into the 

 condition and management of the colleges of agri- 

 culture and the mechanic arts established under act 

 of Congress, July 2, 1862, and gives some facts fur- 

 nished by the committee concerning the sales of land 

 and land-scrip, and the investment of the proceeds 

 in the different States. The following States are 

 mentioned as having received noticeably large prices 

 for their lands: Minnesota, $5.62 per acre; Califor- 

 nia, $5 Michigan, $3.25 Iowa, $2.27 ; Missouri, 

 $1.84 ; Wisconsin, $1.25. The price for which land- 

 scrip was sold ranged from 4H cents per acre, in the 

 case of Rhode Island, to 95 cents per acre, in the 

 case of Virginia. The interest has been paid in Ala- 

 bama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, and Virginia, 

 while in Tennessee, by the failure of the State to 

 pay the interest, a loss of $10,065.25 was incurred. 

 In North Carolina the bonds have yielded no in- 

 come. In South Carolina the committee find that 

 the management of this trust has been equally repre- 

 hensible: and that in the States of Nebraska, Ne- 

 vada, and Oregon, the lands granted by the United 



. States have not yet been sold, and consequently no 

 investments have yet been made. The colleges are 

 generally free from debt. 



SCHOOLS OF THEOLOGY. 



The number of schools of theology, including theo- 

 logical departments, reporting to the Bureau in 1874, 

 was 113, with 579 professors and 4,856 students. The 

 number of institutions is three more than in 1873, 

 the number of professors six more, and the attend- 

 ance 518 greater. 



These theological schools and departments are 

 distributed among the denominations as follows: 

 Eoman Catholic. 18; Baptist, 16; Presbyterian, 15; 

 Lutheran, 13 ; Protestant Episcopal, 12 ; Congre- 

 gational, 8; Methodist Episcopal, 7; Reform, 3; 

 United Presbyterian, 3 ; Christian, 2 : Free Baptist, 

 2 ; Methodist, 2 : Universalist, 2 ; African Method- 

 ist, Episcopal, Cumberland Presbyterian, German 

 Reformed, Methodist Episcopal (South), Moravian, 

 New Jerusalem, Union Evangelical, United Breth- 

 ren, Unitarian, and unsectarian, 1 each total, 118. 



SCHOOLS OV LAW. 



The Commissioner furnishes statistics of 38 schools 

 of law, having 181 instructors and 2,585 students, one 

 more school than in 1873, 23 more instructors, and 

 411 more students. The number of students who 

 have received a degree in letters or science is 548. 

 The number of graduates in 1874 was 917. 



SCHOOLS OF MEDICINE. 



The number of schools of medicine (including 

 dentistry and pharmacy) appearing in the report is 

 99, with 1,121 instructors and 9.095 students. The 

 year shows an increase of 5 schools, a decrease of 

 27 instructors, and an increase of 414 students. The 

 schools are classed as follows: 63 " regular,' 1 with 

 780 instructors and 6,888 students; 4 " eclectic," 

 with 36 instructors and 303 students ; 7 " homoeo- 

 pathic," with 122 instructors and 565 students ; 11 

 " dental," with 133 instructors and 431 students; 14 

 "pharmaceutical," with 50 instructors and 908 stu- 

 dents. 



The Commissioner remarks that, considering how 

 closely these schools affect the life of every individ- 

 ual in the country, many of the details reported will 

 excite surprise. Of the 9,095 students reported, only 

 733 are shown to have received a degree in letters or 

 science. The total number of volumes for consulta- 

 tion in these schools is only 66,611. In contrast 

 with these, the library of the Surgeon-General's 

 Office at Washington has 37,000 volumes and 80,000 

 pamphlets. 



While the total benefactions to education in the 

 country for the past year were, so far as ascertained, 

 $6,053,304, these several schools, which so directly 

 affect human life, have received for the year only 

 $308,466, and a total income of $24,219 from perma- 

 nent funds, being almost entirely dependent upon 

 their tuition fees, which amount to $520,593. 



LIBRARIES. 



The number of libraries reported in 1870 was 152 ; 

 in 1871, the number was 180 ; in 1872, 251 ; in 1873, 

 351. In the report for 1874, information is pre- 

 sented in regard to 340 libraries, embracing 1,091,590 

 volumes, 88,740 pamphlets, and 11,545 manuscripts, 

 concerning which no detailed statistics have been 

 previously given in the reports, and 336 libraries 

 which furnished detailed statistics in 1872 or 1873. 

 The number of volumes in these libraries is 4,663,- 

 166 ; the number of pamphlets, 764,944 ; the increase 

 in books during the last fiscal year was 299,767, and 

 in pamphlets, 88,423. 



RELATION OF ART TO EDUCATION. 



A list of 27 art museums and art collections of col- 

 leges, historical societies, etc., is given. Of these, 

 7 are in New York, 6 in Massachusetts, 2 each in 

 Connecticut and Pennsylvania, and 1 each in II- 



