EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. 



261 



linois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, New 

 Hampshire, Ohio, Rhode Island, Vermont, and 

 the District of Columbia. The 7 in New York re- 



S>rt an income the past year of $94,268 ; the 6 in 

 assachusetts, $16,137 J 1 in Connecticut, $13,180 ; 

 1 in Illinois, $2,500 ; 1 m New Hampshire, $469 ; 1 

 in Ohio, $800 ; 1 in Vermont, $750 ; while the 1 in 

 the District of Columbia reports the princely amount 

 of $70,000. 



These reports of income, however, are not in all 

 cases reports of annual fixed incomes, but of excep- 

 tional contributions or gifts. 



The Corcoran Art Gallery has a productive fund 

 of $1,000,000; the Metropolitan Museum of New 

 York reports an expenditure of over a quarter of a 

 million in the purchase and care of its collections ; 

 the Yale School of the Fine Arts reports an endow- 

 ment fund of $88,000; the National Academy of 

 Design, New York, one of $50,000 ; Vassar College, 

 one of $50,000. 



ORPHAN ASYLUMS, MISCELLANEOUS CHARITIES, ETC. 



The Commissioner presents in a table statistics of 

 269 institutions, of which 156 are classed as orphan 

 asylums, 21 as soldiers' and sailors' orphans' homes ; 

 9 as infant asylums, 26 as industrial schools, and 57 

 as miscellaneous charities. The whole number of 

 inmates of these institutions, as reported, is 26,360, 

 under the supervision of 1,678 teachers and officers. 

 The income for last year, as reported, was $2,725.- 

 616, and the expenditure, $2,169,079. These fall 

 short of the real amounts, as several institutions 

 failed to report receipts and expenditures. 

 f The peculiar features of several of these institu- 

 tions are presented, those in which industrial train- 

 ing is afforded being especially noted. These, how- 

 ever, are few in number; and the Commissioner, 

 after referring to the large number of institutions 

 which take children from the lowest classes, give 

 them the rudiments of an education, teach them 

 sewing, etc., says: "The great need now seems to 



v * w*\ "" . sewing, etc., says : j.ne great neea now seems to 

 As showing the very recent awakening and^rapid be that these sc hools, which lay so good a founda- 

 growth of interest in art in this country, it is ob- tion shall be supplemented by special training- 

 served that, with the exception of the Boston Athe- --1---1- 1- !-- 5 J-_. -L--.1 1- - ... !_ - 



naeum, founded as a library in 1807 ; the New York 

 Historical Society, 1804; the Perm Historical So- 

 ciety, 1824 ; and the Kedwood Library, 1730, none 

 of which were founded as art museums, the 27 insti- 

 tutions reported have all been established since 1842, 

 with the very important exceptions of the two great 



art academies, that of Philadelphia having been - .. - , 



founded in 1805, and the present National Academy P ectl . n g { ?*7 melons of people and contrasting 

 of New York in 1826. Of the 11 collections enu- them Wlth the records of cnme ' If these facts are 



schools, where instruction shall be given in various 

 industries." 



OBIME AND IGNORANCE. 



The Commissioner's reports from year to year 

 have contained statements concerning the relations 

 between crime and ignorance. These reports afford 

 special facilities for collecting the educational facts 



merated as connected with colleges, 5 were estab- 

 lished since 1872, and 8 since January, 1864. 



A list of 26 institutions affording art instruction is 

 given. Of these, 10 are for special training of ar- 

 tists. These art-schools, exclusive of the Pennsyl- 

 vania Academy and the Chicago schools, report 56 

 instructors and 594 pupils. This portion of the re- 

 port closes with facts and statistics concerning 

 some of the schools for art-training in the United 

 States. 



SCHOOLS FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 



Forty of these schools are reported, with 275 in- 



kept, reported, and generalized with sufficient accu- 

 racy and fullness, they will eventually furnish a safe 

 basis for inference. Facts can alone settle the 

 question whether education, used and applied in its 

 largest sense, renders the industry of the hand and 

 brain more productive, prevents pauperism, crime, 

 and other ills, or affords a means of avoiding them. 



Place is given to extracts from the Forty-fifth 

 Annual Keport of the Inspector of the State Peni- 

 tentiary for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 

 of which the Commissioner says : " It is doubted ii 

 in any State, or indeed in any country, forty-four 

 volumes containing the annual statistical tables of a 



structors, of whom 37 are semi-mutes, and 4,900 pe nal institution, covering nearly half a century, 



pupils. The whole number who have received in- C an, on examination, be regarded as more complete, 



struction in these institutions since their organiza- Crime, crime-cause, social conditions, individual 



tion is 14,762. The State appropriations for the sup- character, are ascertained, recorded, and treated as 



port of these schools during the past year amounted 

 to $1,064,406, and the sum received from tuition fees 

 was $127,946. The value of grounds, buildings, etc., 

 is reported as $6,185,264. 



SCHOOLS FOR THE BLIND. 



Twenty-seven States report 29 schools for the 

 blind, having 525 instructors and other employe's, 

 and 1,942 pupils. The whole number of persons 

 who have been under instruction in these schools 

 since their opening is 6,684*. There are, in the va- 



constitutional, chronic, or sporadic superinducements 

 to that abnormal state in each individual convict 

 which produced or resulted in crime-punishment. 

 It is believed no more interesting study can be given 

 to the scientist than the results which are collected 

 in these reports. They touch upon the limits of two 

 generations of people, and exhibit in some degree 

 the effects of that social condition called civilization 

 which has grown up and out of the means adopted 

 for its advancement." 

 Allusion is also made to the labors of Dr. Elisha 



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rious institutions, 137 blind employe's and workmen. Harris and Mr. R. L. Dugdale, in investigating the 



REFORM SCHOOLS. 



genealogy of a family of ignorant criminals and 

 paupers, from which it is shown that the proportion 

 of paupers in the family under consideration to the 

 whole number in the family was seven times as great 

 as the proportion of paupers in the State to the total 

 population in the State, and similarly that the pro- 

 portion of criminals in the family to the whole fam- 

 ily was ten times as great as that of criminals in the 

 State to the population of the State. Certain cases 

 in this family of effectual reform to reputable life 



Statistics are given of 56 of these schools. The 

 number of commitments during the year was 9,846 ; 

 the whole number since the schools were estab- 

 lished, 110,622. The number of inmates at the time 

 of reporting was 10,848. The cost of 54 of these in- 

 stitutions for the year was $1,541.799 ; the earnings 

 of 49 of them, $305,127. The number of volumes 

 reported in the libraries of 54 schools was 35,012. 



> The Commissioner reviews the special educa- occurring before the thirty-fifth year of age are also 

 tional and reformatory features of several of these not i c ed as of great significance, because the facts 

 schools, giving prominence to what the history of a acc0 rd with the laws of mental development, under 

 number of them has established as a fact, that " edu- wn i c h t h e w i]] an d mO ral force are the last faculties 

 cation is reformatory." 



Statistics indicate that 75 per cent, of all the youth 

 sent to these institutions have been reclaimed and 

 restored to society; and they also show that the 

 greatest success is achieved in efforts for the reforma- 

 tion of those under 14 years of age. 



to mature, and are therefore longer amenable to the 

 processes of regulation. 



SCHOOLS FOR THE FEEBLE-MINDED. 



Statistics are presented of nine schools for the in- 

 struction of feeble-minded youth, having 1,265 in- 



