262 



EGYPT. 



The new acquisitions of Egypt in Soudan 

 embrace the land of the Bari, of which Col- 

 onel Baker took possession on May 26, 1871 ; 

 of Darfour, annexed in 1874; of Shegga, with 

 the neighboring districts, which, in 1874, was 

 transferred by its ruler to the Khedive ; the 

 Basen or Kunama country ; the Danakil coast 

 as far as Bab-el-Mandeb, with Berbera (occu- 

 pied in 1873), and other points on the coast 

 near Berbera. The area and population of 

 these territories, according to the latest esti- 



receiveu $1,0*0, ou*, BUIIUUIO <-M oviicj-iv/c, <piuj.,ww^, ^ 



schools of theology, $1,111,629 (the one point of ^8, 



increase, the amount in 1873 having been only 



mates, under the care of 312 instructors and other 

 officers. The whole number of inmates since the 

 opening of these institutions has been 3,403. The 

 expenditure for seven of these schools during the 

 year was $256,134. Three are located in Massachu- 

 setts, and one each in Connecticut, Illinois, Ken- 

 tucky, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. 



EDUCATIONAL BENEFACTIONS IN 1874. 



The whole amount of benefactions for educational 

 purposes, of which the Bureau has received informa- 

 tion, is $6,053,304, against $11,226,977 in 1873. Of 

 the benefactions in 1874, universities and colleges 

 received $1,845,354; schools of science, $481,804; 

 f theology, $1,111,629 (the one point of 

 increase, the amount in 1873 having been only 

 $619,801) ; schools of medicine, $44,531 ; institu- 

 tions for the superior instruction of women, $241,420 ; 

 preparatory schools, $723,040; institutions for sec- 

 ondary instruction. $272,281 ; libraries, $75,422 ; in- 

 stitutions for the deaf and dumb, $7,323 ; miscella- 

 neous, $1,250,500. 



EGYPT,* a country of Northeastern Africa, 

 nominally a pashalik of the Turkish Empire, 

 but virtually an independent state since 1811. 

 The ruler of Egypt, who has the name of 

 Khedive, is Ismail Pasha, born at Cairo in 

 1830, second son of Ibrahim, the son of Me- 

 hemet Ali ; succeeded to the government at 

 the death of his uncle, Sai'd Pasha, January 

 18, 1863. The eldest son of the Khedive, Mo- 

 hammed Tefwick, born in 1852, is President 

 of the Privy Council ; his eldest son, Prince 

 Abbas Bey, was born July 14, 1874. The 

 second son of the Khedive, Prince Hussein 

 Kamil, born in 1853, is member of the Privy 

 Council, and Minister of War and Colonies. 

 The third son, Hassan, also born in 1853, is 

 lieutenant d la suite in the Prussian army. 



By the annexation of Darfour and other terri- 

 tories Egypt has largely increased in both area 

 and population. At the beginning of 1875 the 

 area and population of the large divisions of 

 which Egypt is now composed were as fol- 

 lows : 



The population of that part of Soudan which 

 belonged to the Khedive previous to the recent 

 annexation was estimated, in 1874, by Munzin- 

 ger Bey, the governor of the coasts of the Red 

 Sea, at 5,000,000, divided as follows: 



mostly Arabs, 

 mostly negroes. 

 Arabs and negroes. 

 Arabs and negroes. 



1,000,000 one-half Arabs andone-half negroes. 

 250,000 Arabs. 

 250,000 Arabs and Barabra. 

 1,000,000 -j three-fourths Hadendoa, one fourth 



250,000 Hadfndoa. 



250,000 mostly Tigre ; a few Dankali. 



Khartoom .... 750,000 



Farshoda 250,000 



Bennaar 500,000 



Fasogl 500,000 



Kordofan.. 

 Berber.... 

 Dongola... . 



Taka 



Suakin 



Massowah. 



Total 5,000,000 



The revenue of Egypt for the financial year 

 commencing September 11, 1873, and ending 

 September 10, 1874 year 1590 of the Coptic 

 calendar was calculated in the official budget 

 estimates at 1,982,200 purses (1 purse = $21), 

 and the expenditure at 1,763,200 purses, leav- 

 ing a surplus of 219,000 purses. 



The public debt of Egypt is divided into two 

 classes, the funded debt of the state and the 

 personal debt of the Khedive. There is, be- 

 sides, a floating debt. In October the funded 

 debt was estimated at 49,000,000, the float- 

 ing debt at 7,000,000 ; total state debt, 56,- 

 000,000. The personal debt of the Khedive was 

 estimated at 13,000,000. The real amount of 

 his debt is, however, not yet fully known. On 

 August 1, 1875, an English authority estimated 

 the floating debt at 15,900,000, or, including 

 the floating debt of the Khedive, secured on his 

 personal property, the "daira," at 22,000,000. 



Egypt is bound to pay an annual tribute of 

 700,000 to Turkey. She has also to furnish 

 a contingent of 15,000 men to the Turkish 

 army. She cannot make treaties other than 

 those of a commercial character, name embas- 

 sadors at foreign courts, or build iron-clads; 

 but she raises and expends her own revenue, 

 appoints her own officials, from ministers down 

 to policemen, and, in fact, in all that relates to 

 her home government she is entirely free. 



In 1874, the aggregate length of railways 

 which were in operation was 1,528 kilometres 

 (1 kilometre = 0.62 mile). The telegraph-lines 

 had, in 1873, a length of 6,486 kilometres, and 

 the telegraph-wires of 13,750 kilometres. 



The aggregate number of letters and news- 

 papers received and dispatched were : 



* For latest statistics of foreigners, of population of large 

 cities of exports, of commerce of Alexandria, of movement 

 of shipping in the principal ports, see ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA 



* See Behm and Wagner, 

 p. 112. 



Bevolkerung der Erde," iii.' 



