EWALD, GEOEG H. A. VON. 



EXHIBITION, CENTENNIAL. 273 



The thirty-ninth annual meeting of the Mis- 

 sionary Society of the Evangelical Association 

 was held in Philadelphia immediately after the 

 close of the session of the General Conference. 

 The reports showed that the total receipts for 

 the year had been $77,000.39, and the total 

 expenditures had heen $76,983.05. The total 

 amount of the heathen mission fund was $25,- 

 650.17, and the am Cunt of the standing fund 

 was $49,167.85. The treasury was indebted 

 $8,175.99. The society had received during 

 the year bequests to the amount of $8,335.50. 

 The number of home and foreign missions un- 

 der the supervision of the denomination was 

 289, of which 277 were supplied at the sessions 

 of the Conferences within whose bounds they 

 were situated. The number of missionaries 

 in active service was 301. Between twenty 

 and thirty churches had been built on the 

 home and foreign mission fields during the 

 year, and the majority of them had been dedi- 

 cated free of debt. The prospects of the 

 Church in California and Oregon were more 

 promising, and considerable progress had been 

 made during the year. Two laborers had been 

 added to the force in Oregon. The trans- 

 atlantic work (in Germany) had been devel- 

 oped to an extent and degree of importance 

 not thought of when it was begun. The num- 

 ber of members had been doubled in four years, 

 and 1,267 new members had been received 

 during the year just past. Measures had been 

 adopted for the location of a mission in Japan. 



EWALD, GEOBG- HEINBICH AUGUST VON, 

 one of the greatest modern Orientalists, born 

 November 16, 1803, in Gottingen ; died May 

 4, 1875. He studied at the university of his 

 native place, where he became extraordinary 

 professor in 1827, ordinary Professor of Phi- 

 losophy in 1831, and Professor of Oriental Lan- 

 guages in 1835. Travels in search of Oriental 

 manuscripts led him, in 1826, 1829, and 1836, 

 to Berlin, Paris, and Italy. In 1837 he, to- 

 gether with six of his colleagues at the univer- 

 sity, protested against the abolishment of the 

 constitutional law of Hanover, in consequence 

 of which he, as well as his colleagues, was 

 dismissed from his professorship. This gave 

 him leisure to visit England to investigate the 

 public libraries, and in 1838 he received a call 

 to Tubingen, as Professor of Theology, where 

 he was ennobled by the King of Wurtemberg 

 in 1841. In 1848 he returned to Gottingen, 

 where he published a book entitled " Ueber 

 meinen Weggang von der Universitat Tubin- 

 gen, mit anderen Zeitbetrachtungen." Ewald 

 reappeared prominently in public life in 1866 

 as a defender of the rights of Hanover. He 

 refused to take the oath of allegiance to the 

 King of Prussia as a member of the univer- 

 sity Faculty, and in consequence was again re- 

 moved from his professorship. He was elected 

 in 1869 to the North-German, and in 1871 and 

 again in 1874 to the German Keichstag His 

 principal work is " Geschichte des Volkes Is- 

 rael" (7 vols., third edition, Gottingen, 1860- 

 VOL. xv. 18 A 



'67). Among his theological works are, " Die 

 poetischen Bucher des alten Bundes " (4 vols., 

 Stuttgart, 1835'-37); "Die Propheten des al- 

 ten Bundes" (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1840); "Die 

 drei ersten Evangelien " (Gottingen, 1850), and 

 "Die Sendschreiben des Apostels Paulus " 

 (Gottingen, 1857). Among his philological 

 works the best known is "Kritische Gram- 

 matik der hebraischen Sprache" (1827), an 

 abridgment of which was published in Leipsic 

 in 1835, under the title of " Ausfuhrliches 

 Lehrbuch der hebraischen Sprache," and a 

 still more condensed epitome in 1842, enti- 

 tled "Hebraische Sprachlehre fur Anfanger" 

 (fourth edition, 1874). He also wrote " Gram- 

 matica Critica Linguae Arabicea " (2 vols., Leip- 

 sic, 1831-'33) ; " De Metris Carminum Arabi- 

 corum " (Leipsic, 1825), and " Die Lehre der 

 Bibel von Gott " (Leipsic, 3 vols., 1872-'74). 

 From 1849 to 1862 he published an annual de- 

 voted exclusively to Biblical science, entitled 

 " Jahrbiicher der biblischen Wissenschaft." 



EXHIBITION, CENTENNIAL. The project 

 for holding an International Exhibition in cele- 

 bration of the one hundredth anniversary of 

 American Independence, in the city of Phila- 

 delphia, in 1876, originated with an association 

 of citizens of that place, in 1870. An act of 

 Congress was obtained in 1871 creating a Cen- 

 tennial Commission, consisting of one delegate 

 and one alternate from each State and Terri- 

 tory, to prepare and superintend the execution 

 of a plan for holding the exhibition. The com- 

 missioners were to be appointed by the Presi- 

 dent on the nomination of the Governors of 

 the States and Territories, and were required 

 to fix upon a suitable site and report to Con- 

 gress, at the first session after its appointment, 

 the time and place of the exhibition, and the 

 general features of the plan adopted. The 

 President was required, whenever officially in- 

 formed by the Governor of Pennsylvania that 

 provision had been made for the erection of 

 buildings and for giving the commissioners full 

 control of the exhibition, to set forth by proc- 

 lamation the time, place, and objects of the 

 same, and to communicate the facts to the 

 diplomatic representatives of all nations. In 

 1872 an act was passed incorporating the Cen- 

 tennial Board of Finance, and giving it the 

 necessary powers to raise funds and direct the 

 financial interests of the enterprise. The cap- 

 ital stock of the corporation was fixed at 

 $10,000,000, in shares of $50 each. The proc- 

 lamation of the President making formal an- 

 nouncement of the exhibition was dated July 

 3, 1873, and two days later the Secretary of 

 State made the required communication to 

 foreign representatives. On June 5, 1874, 

 Congress passed an act requesting the Presi- 

 dent to extend " a respectful and cordial invi- 

 tation to the Governments of other nations to 

 be represented and to take part in the Inter- 

 national Exposition to be held at Philadelphia 

 under the auspices of the Government of the 

 United States." Provision was also made for 



