FRANCE. 



317 



CHABRON, MARIE-ETIENNE EMMANUEL BER- 

 TRAND DE, was born January 5, 1806, at Re- 

 tournac. He entered the army in 1824, be- 

 came second-lieutenant in 1830, served from 

 1830 to 1834 in the Vendee and in Brittany, 

 and became a captain in 1838. He became 

 chief of battalion in 1852, and took part in the 

 siege Of Laghou.at in the same year. He was 

 sent to the East in 1854, was honorably men- 

 tioned after the battle of the Alma and after 

 the capture of Mamelon-Vert, and was soon 

 after appointed lieutenant-colonel. He was 

 wounded at Sevastopol, and, having been ap- 

 pointed colonel of Zouaves, he returned to 

 Africa, where he took part in all the expedi- 

 tions against the Arabs. In 1859 he fought at 

 Palestro, was again honorably mentioned, and 

 created a general of brigade. In 1870 he was 

 made a general of division, and took an active 

 part in the war with Germany. In 1872 he 

 was elected to the Assembly from the depart- 

 ment of Haute-Loire. 



CHADOIS, PAUL DE, was born in 1830 at St.- 

 Barthelemy. He was appointed a colonel of 

 the Mobiles and an officer of the Legion of 

 Honor during the war with Germany. In 

 1871 he was elected to the Assembly from the 

 department of Dordogne. 



CHANGARNIER, NICOLAS ANNE THEODULE, was 

 born at Autun, April 26, 1793, entered the body- 

 guard of Louis XVIII. in 1815, was transferred 

 to a regiment of the line, distinguished himself 

 in Spain in 1823, became a captain in 1825, 

 took part in the campaign in Africa, where he 

 distinguished himself before Mascara. Having 

 become chief of battalion in 1835, he again 

 distinguished himself in the campaign against 

 Achmet Bey, and in 1837 became lieutenant- 

 colonel. Having risen rapidly in consequence 

 of his brilliant services against the Kabyles, he 

 became an officer of the Legion of Honor, was 

 created general of division in 1843, and in 

 1847 was appointed to the command of the di- 

 vision of Algeria. In 1849 he was appointed 

 commander- in-chief of the National Guard of 

 Paris, and his energetic measures prevented, to 

 a great degree, the outbreak which threatened 

 in that year. For two years he was President 

 of the Assembly, but in 1851 was deprived of 

 both his positions by Louis Napoleon, owing 

 to the hostile attitude observed toward the 

 President's policy. He was arrested in De- 

 cember, 1851, and banished from France on 

 January 9, 1852, when he Avent to Belgium. 

 He returned to France when the general am- 

 nesty was declared. Upon the declaration of 

 war in 1870 he offered his services to the Im- 

 perial Government, which, however, were re- 

 fused. After the surrender of Napoleon he 

 joined Bazaine in Metz, and, upon the surren- 

 der of that place, was sent to Germany as a 

 prisoner of war. He returned after the armis- 

 tice was concluded, and was elected to the 

 Assembly from three departments, and selected 

 the department of Somme. He has generally 

 voted with the Right Centre. 



CHANZY, ANTOINE EUGENE ALFRED, was 

 born March 18, 1823, at Nouart. He was ad- 

 mitted to the school of St.-Cyr in 1841, took 

 part in the campaigns in Algeria, Italy, and 

 Syria, went to Rome with the army of occu- 

 pation in 1864, returned to Algeria at the out- 

 break of the great Arab insurrection, and was 

 made brigadier-general in 1868. At the first 

 news of the war with Germany he returned 

 to France to solicit a command, but was 

 kept out of the way by Marshal Lebceuf. Af- 

 ter the Revolution of September 4th, he w#s 

 made general of division by the Government 

 of National Defense. After the retreat of 

 General de Palladines, he received the com- 

 mand of the Second Army of the Loire, and 

 during the following campaign displayed mil- 

 itary talents of the highest order. In 1871 

 he was elected to the National Assembly from 

 the department of the Ardennes. In the As- 

 sembly he joined the Left Centre, and voted 

 against the ratification of peace. When the 

 Assembly was removed to Versailles, he was 

 arrested on his way to that city by order of 

 the Central Committee of the Communists, 

 and would have been shot but for the interces- 

 sion of a large number of his friends, and his 

 oath not to bear arms against the insurgents. 

 In 1872 he was appointed commander of the 

 Seventh Army Corps, and in 1873 Governor- 

 General of Algeria, which positition he still re- 

 tains. He became a grand officer of the Legion 

 of Honor in 1870, and has been decorated with 

 numerous French and foreign orders. 



CHARETON, JEAN JOSEPH VEYE, was born 

 July 8, 1813. He entered the Polytechnic 

 -School in 1832, and soon after entered the En- 

 gineer Corps. He took part in the campaigns 

 in Algeria and the Crimea, and as colonel he 

 served with the Fifth Corps of the Army of 

 the Rhine in 1870. He was taken prisoner 

 at Sedan, and, having returned after the decla- 

 ration of peace, he was made a brigadier-gen- 

 eral, and in May, 1875, was raised to the rank 

 of general of division. He was elected to the 

 Assembly in 1871 from the department of 

 Drome. In the Assembly he joined the Left 

 Centre. 



CISSEY, GENERAL (see ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA 

 for 1874). 



CORBON, CLAUDE ANTHIME, was born at Ar- 

 bigny-sur-Varennes, December 23, 1808. He, 

 was in his youth a carver in wood, and in the 

 midst of his works studied the religious and 

 political questions of the day. He was one of 

 the founders of L 1 Atelier, a journal devoted to 

 the interests of the laboring-men. In 1844 he 

 was arrested on the charge of having incited 

 the citizens to riot; but was acquitted. He 

 took an active part in the Revolution of Feb- 

 ruary, 1848, and with his friends did not leave 

 the barricades until the republic was pro- 

 claimed. He was elected to the Constituent 

 Assembly from Paris, which body elected him 

 one of its vice-presidents. The coup d'etat 

 caused him to retire to private life. In 1870 



