FRANCE. 



319 



of large vineyards. He was formerly a mem- 

 ber of the General Council of the department 

 of G-ers, and in 1871 was elected to the Na- 

 tional Assembly from the same department. 

 He has joined the Bight, and is a zealous roy- 

 alist and Catholic. 



DUPANLOUP, Bishop (see ANNUAL CYCLO- 

 PEDIA for 1874). 



FOTJBERT, M., born in 1812, was elected to 

 the National Assembly in 1871 from the de- 

 partment of La Manche. H% voted originally 

 with the Right Centre, but supported M. Thiers, 

 and demanded in the session of May 24, 1872, 

 that the resignation of the President should 

 not be accepted. Since then he has voted 

 with the Left Centre. 



FOUEOAUD, EMILE, was formerly president 

 of the Tribunal of Commerce of Bordeaux. In 

 1871 he was elected to the National Assembly 

 from the Gironde, and also to the General 

 Council of the same department. He became 

 a knight of the Legion of Honor. He is a 

 member of the Left. 



* FOURIOHON, MARTIN, was born January 10, 

 1809 ; graduated from the Naval School in 1824. 

 He advanced rapidly, became a captain in 1848, 

 was sent to Algeria in the same year, and soon 

 after was appointed Governor of Cayenne. He 

 was made a rear-admiral in February, 1853, 

 was placed in command of the station of the 

 Pacific, and was recalled to the Mediterranean 

 and made vice-admiral in 1859. On July 15, 

 1870, he was appointed commander-in-chief 

 of the second squadron, which was ordered to 

 operate in the German Ocean. As the Ger- 

 man fleet had retired to the port of Jahde, 

 M. Fourichon devoted himself to blockading 

 the German coasts. After the Revolution of 

 September 4th, he was appointed Minister of 

 the Navy by the Government of the National 

 Defense. On the 16th he joined Messrs. Cre- 

 mieux and Glais-Bizoin at Tours, and was or- 

 dered to take charge for a time of the Minis- 

 try of War. In this position he organized the 

 First Army of the Loire, but owing to the dis- 

 sensions between him and his colleagues he re- 

 signed his seat to M. Cremieux. In 1871 he 

 was elected to the National Assembly from 

 the department of Orne. He was a member 

 of the Right Centre. 



FRANOHIEU, PASQUIER, Marquis de, was born 

 in 1810, served in the navy until 1830. He 

 was elected to the National Assembly in 1871 

 from the department of Hautes-Pyrenees. He 

 was a member of the extreme Right, and has 

 ever been a devoted royalist, and is particularly 

 opposed to the house of Orleans. At one time 

 he called M. Thiers the evil genius of his coun- 

 try, and at another time went so far as to ac- 

 cuse Marshal MacMahon of cowardice. He is 

 also a zealous Catholic, and as such was at the 

 head of the celebrated pilgrimage to Paray-le- 

 Monial. 



FREBAULT, CHARLES VICTOR, was born Feb- 

 ruary 1, 1813, entered the artillery as second- 

 lieutenant in 1835, became lieutenant in 1837, 



captain in 1840, chief of battalion in 1848, 

 lieutenant-colonel in 1854, colonel in 1856, 

 brigadier-general in 1861, and general of divi- 

 sion in 1867. He has held various offices as 

 commandant of the Pyrotechnic School at 

 Toulon, and Governor of Guadeloupe from 

 1859 to 1863. He was created grand officer 

 of the Legion of Honor in 1866. During the 

 siege of Paris, he commanded the artillery of 

 the Second Army. In 1871 he was elected to 

 the National Assembly from the department 

 of the Seine. He was a member of the Left. 



GOUIN, ALEXANDRE, was born at Tours, Jan- 

 uary 26, 1792. He was elected to the Chamber 

 of Deputies in 1831, and, as general secretary 

 of the budget committee, was the author of 

 the budgets of 1833, 1834, 1835, and of various 

 " financial laws. In 1840 he became Minister of 

 Commerce, was elected to the Constituent and 

 afterward to the Legislative Assembly in 1848, 

 and in 1852, after the coup d'etat, to the Corps 

 Legislatif, to which he was reflected at each 

 succeeding election, and in 1867 was created a 

 Senator of the Empire. During the occupa- 

 tion of Tours by the Germans he was mayor 

 of that city, and in 1871 was elected to the 

 National Assembly from Indre-et-Loire, and 

 to the General Council of that department. 

 He was a member of the Right Centre. In 

 1865 he was made commander of the Legion 

 of Honor. 



HUMBERT, GUSTAVE AMEDEE, was born June 

 28, 1822, at Metz, studied law at Paris, and was 

 made a doctor of laws in 1844. In 1845 he ob- 

 tained the first prize for his essay on " Conse- 

 quences des Condamnations penales." In 1848 

 he was appointed Sub-prefect of Diedenhofen 

 (Thionville), was appointed titulary Professor 

 of Roman Law at Toulouse in 1861, and was 

 chosen Perpetual Secretary of the Academy of 

 Legislation of the same city. In 1871 he was 

 elected to the National Assembly from the 

 department of Haute-Garonne. He was a 

 member of the Republican Left, of which he 

 was for a time vice-president. He voted against 

 the preliminaries of peace. Besides the above- 

 mentioned essay he has published several others 

 on Roman antiquities, and has also contributed 

 numerous articles to the Revue de Toulowe and 

 the " Diction naire d'Antiquites." 



JAURES, CONSTANT Louis JEAN BENJAMIN, 

 born February 3, 1823, entered the Naval 

 School at Brest in 1839, became a captain in 

 1861. He took part in the campaigns in the 

 Crimea, in Italy, in China, in Cochin-China, 

 and in Mexico. At the beginning of the war 

 with Germany, he was placed by the Navy 

 Department at the disposal of the Minister of 

 War, was put in command of a brigade, and 

 after the battle of Sill6-de-Gaume he was pro- 

 moted to the rank of general of division. At 

 the conclusion of peace the committee to revise 

 the grades, not being able to retain him in the 

 army, recommended to the Minister of the 

 Navy to raise him to the rank of rear-admiral, 

 in recognition of the services rendered by him. 



