FRANCE. 



321 



to the Assembly from the department of the 

 Rh5ne. 



LETELLIER-VALAZE, General, is one of the 

 old friends and supporters of M. Thiers. He 

 has distinguished himself very little in the 

 army. He was elected to the Assembly from 

 the department of the Lower Seine. . 



LITTRE, MAXIMILIEN PAUL SMILE, was born 

 in Paris, February 1, 1801. Having first stud- 

 ied medicine, he soon abandoned it for philolo- 

 gy, in which branches as well as in philosophy 

 he has greatly distinguished himself. In 1830 

 he became one of the editors of the National, 

 a Democratic newspaper. He has also written 

 a number of papers for the " Dictionnaire de 

 Medecine," and the Revue des Deux Mondes. 

 In 1839 he was elected a member of the Acad- 

 emy of Inscriptions, and was chosen by that 

 body to continue the " Histoire litteraire de la 

 France," to the twenty-first, twenty-second, 

 and twenty-third volumes of which he made 

 important contributions. In 1871 he was ap- 

 pointed Professor of History and Geography in 

 the Polytechnic School, and in the same year 

 was elected to the National Assembly from the 

 department of the Seine. The General Coun- 

 cil of the department of the Seine, of which 

 he was also chosen a member, elected him 

 vice-president. In 1871 he was elected a 

 member of the French Academy. He had 

 been a candidate for the same honor in 1863, 

 when he was defeated. Both in 1863 and in 

 1871 he was bitterly opposed as an infidel by 

 Bishop Dupanloup, who upon M. Littre's elec- 

 tion resigned his seat. He has published, be- 

 sides the works noticed above, an edition and 

 translation of the works of Hippocrate (10 

 vols., 1839-1861), "De la Philosophic posi- 

 tive " (1845), " Dictionnaire dela Langue fran- 

 caise " (1863-1869), a translation of Strauss's 

 "Life of Jesus" (second edition, 1855), "His- 

 toire de la Langue francaise " (2 vols., 1862), 

 "Medecine et Medecins " (1872), and "La 

 Science sous le Point de Vue philosophique " 

 (1873). In 1863, upon his rejection by the 

 Academy, M. de Sainte-Beuve published a no- 

 tice on his life and works. 



LORGERIL, HIPPOLTTE Louis, Viscount de, 

 was born at Tre'be'dan, May 24, 1811. Having 

 finished his studies, he traveled through Eu- 

 rope, and in 1842 edited the Impartial de Bre- 

 tagne, a Legitimist journal. In 1871 he was 

 elected a member of the Assembly, from the 

 department of C6tes-du-Nord, where he dis- 

 tinguished himself by his persistent opposition 

 to President Thiers. 



LURO, BERTRAND VICTOR ONESIME, was born 

 October 16, 1823, at Ville-Comtal. He suc- 

 ceeded M. Pascalis as advocate in the Council 

 of State and in the Court of Appeals, was 

 elected a councilor-general of Gers in 1866, 

 and in 1871 was elected to the Assembly from 

 the same department. He has published sev- 

 eral works, of which " Du Travail et de FOr- 

 ganisation des Industries dans la Liberte" 

 (1848), and "Marguerite d'Angouleme, Reine 

 VOL. xv. 21 A 



de Navarre, et la Renaissance," are the best 

 known. 



MAGNIN, JOSEPH, was born at Dijon, Janua- 

 ry 1, 1824. As the owner of numerous forges, 

 he possesses great influence in his department 

 of Cote-d'Or. In 1863 he was elected to the 

 Corps Legislatif, was reflected in 1869, and in 

 that year was one of its secretaries. After the 

 Revolution of 1870, he was appointed Minis- 

 ter of Agriculture and Commerce, and as such 

 completed, with great ability, the provisioning 

 of Paris. In 1871 he was elected to the As- 

 sembly from the department of Cote-d'Or, and 

 at the same time to the General Council of that 

 department. 



MALEVILLE, GUILLAUME JACQUES LUCIEN, 

 Marquis de, born August 30, 1805 ; was a coun- 

 sellor at the court of Bordeaux, and afterward 

 in Paris, and was elected to the Chamber of 

 Deputies from the Dordogne in 1842. He was 

 created a peer of France in 1846, and is one 

 of the few survivors bearing that title. After 



1848 he confined himself to his duties as magis- 

 trate. In 1871 he was elected to the Assem- 

 bly from the Dordogne. In 1839 he was made 

 a knight of the Legion of Honor. 



MALEVILLE, LEON DE, was born May 8, 1803, 

 at Montauban. In 1834 he was elected to the 

 Chamber of Deputies, of which he was the 

 youngest member. In 1840 he was under- 

 secretary of State in the department of the 

 Interior. He was a member of the Constitu- 

 ent and Legislative Assemblies, and in 1848 

 was for ten days Minister of the Interior in 

 the first cabinet of the Prince-President. In 



1849 he left his party to act with the Left 

 against the Bonapartists. After the coup d'etat 

 he retired to private life. In 1871 he was 

 elected to the National Assembly from Tarn-et- 

 Garonne, and was, from February to August, 

 vice-president of that body. 



MARTEL, Louis JOSEPH, was born September 

 15, 1813, at Saint-Omer ; studied law, and be- 

 came a judge at the tribunal of Saint-Omer. 

 In 1849 he was elected to the Legislative As- 

 sembly, where he voted with the Right. He 

 protested against the coup d'etat in December, 

 1851, and then returnedv to the bar at Saint- 

 Omer. He was elected in 1863, and again in 

 1869, to the Corps Legislatif, and in 1871 to 

 the National Assembly. The Corps Legislatif 

 chose him as one of its secretaries, and the 

 National Assembly as one of its vice-presi- 

 dents. 



MONTAIGNAC, LOUIS RAYMOND DE CHAU- 



VANCE, Marquis de, was born in Paris, March 

 14, 1811. He was admitted to the Naval 

 School at Brest in 1827, and, having entered 

 the navy, rose gradually to the position of cap- 

 tain in 1848. In 1865 he was made rear-ad- 

 miral. During the siege of Paris he command- 

 ed the seventh "sector," comprising the bat- 

 teries of Auteuil, Passy, and La Muette. In 

 1871 he was elected to the National Assembly 

 from the department of Allier. 

 MORIN, PAUL, took part in the Revolution of 



