FREDERICK WILLIAM. 



FRIENDS. 



325 



the north-pole, and so could not spare time, 

 Lady Franklin set out for the United States, 

 and arrived in Cincinnati, in July, 1870. Lady 

 Franklin had a long conversation with Captain 

 Hall, and learned his views regarding the fate 

 of the missing records of her husband's voy- 

 age, and the prospect of finding a last message, 

 which she firmly believed he had written her. 

 During her visit she was treated with great 

 respect, and was waited upon by the city offi- 

 cials and many prominent citizens. In 1872 

 Lady Franklin bought Franklin House, in 

 Lincolnshire, intending to collect there the 

 relics of her husband's expeditions. In the 

 same spirit, she offered rewards for further 

 tidings of her lost husband and his men at the 

 recent sailing of a British expedition to ex- 

 plore the arctic regions, and, if possible, to 

 reach the north-pole. 



FREDERICK WILLIAM, ex-Elector of 

 Hesse, was born August 20, 1802, and died Janu- 

 ary 6, 1875. He was the only son of the Elector 

 William II. and Augusta Friedrike Christiane, 

 daughter of Frederick William II., King of Prus- 

 sia. His father, for various reasons, left Cas- 

 sel for Hanau in 1831, and made him not only 

 co-regent, but even sole ruler during his own 

 absence. His reign, up to his father's death, 

 was marked by constant troubles with the Diet. 

 Upon his father's death, in 1847, he made a 

 slight attempt to relieve himself of all respon- 

 sibility about the constitution, which attempt, 

 however, failed in consequence of the deter- 

 mined stand taken by the military. During 

 the movements of 1848 he granted the de- 

 mands of the people, and formed a liberal min- 

 istry. This was succeeded in February, 1850, 

 by a reactionary ministry under Hassenpflug, 

 who soon made the Government so unpopular 

 that in September, 1850, the Elector was forced 

 to leave the country. The Bundestag, governed 

 by Austrian influences, took this opportunity 

 to interfere in the affairs of Hesse, and on 

 October 25th the Bundestag ordered Austria 

 and Bavaria to proceed with the execution 

 against Hesse. On November 1st the troops 

 of the Bund entered Hesse, and on December 

 27th the Elector returned to Oassel. April 13, 

 1852, the constitution of 1831 was abolished, 

 and a new one put in its stead. In 1855 Has- 

 senpflug was dismissed, and the Elector again 

 took the affairs of state in his own hands. The 

 constitutional quarrels, however, continued un- 

 til 1862, when Prussia sent notice to the Elec- 

 tor that the Hessian question must be ended, 

 otherwise Prussia would interfere. This set- 

 tled the question, and on June 21', 1862, the 

 old constitution of 1831 was restored. The 

 Elector never forgave Prussia for the pressure 

 brought to bear upon him on this occasion, 

 and when in 1866 the difficulties arose between 

 Austria and Prussia, he considered the time to 

 have come to make this known. He rejected 

 the Prussian overtures, and ordered his troops 

 to join those of Austria. But only four days 

 later (June 18th) Oassel was occupied by the 



Prussians, and the Elector taken as a prisoner 

 of war to Stettin, and 'on August 18th the 

 electorate was formally incorporated with 

 Prussia. At the end of the war he went to his 

 estate of Horzovitz, in Bohemia, where he re- 

 mained until his death. With the annexation 

 of his state to Prussia, in 1866, the proud.and 

 ancient German title of Elector became extinct. 



FRIENDS. The Associated Executive Com- 

 mittee of Friends (Orthodox) on Indian Affairs 

 met at Indianapolis, Ind., October 28th. The 

 committee is composed of twenty members, 

 two each from the New York, New England, 

 Philadelphia, Baltimore, North Carolina, Ohio, 

 Indiana, Western, Iowa, and Kansas yearly 

 meetings. The commission has charge of the 

 eight agencies, comprising the central superin- 

 tendency. The agency near Topeka, Kansas, 

 includes the prairie band of Pottawotomies 

 and the Kansas Kickapoos, numbering in all 

 117 Indians, with 111 children of suitable age 

 for school. The schools number about 84 pu- 

 pils. The Quapaw agency, situated in the 

 northeast corner of the Indian Territory, in- 

 cludes the Quapaws, Ottawas, confederated 

 Peorias and Miamis, Wyandottes, Shawnees, 

 Senecas, and the remnant of Captain Jack's 

 band of Modocs from Oregon. They number 

 1,544 persons, with 300 children suitable for 

 school. Three boarding-schools and one day- 

 school were reported in operation, with a total 

 enrollment of 294, and an average attendance 

 of 202 pupils. The Indians were behaving 

 well, and were improving in temperance and 

 knowledge. The Sac and Fox agency includes 

 1,557 Indians of the Sacs and Foxes, Shawnees, 

 and Mexican Kickapoos. A boarding-school for 

 the Sacs and Foxes, and a school and stock 

 farm, had been established, and four Indians of 

 influence had been appointed school directors. 

 The agency of the Little sages and Kaws in- 

 cludes 3,523 Indians of those tribes. Accord- 

 ing to the report of the agent, 66 children at- 

 tended the "agency school," and 11 children 

 the Roman Catholic school. The Wichita 

 agency includes 1,900 Indians of the Wichitas 

 and affiliated bands, and, being situated on the 

 borders of the Indian Territory, is exposed to 

 depredations from the wild tribes. The school 

 had a total enrollment of 65, and an average 

 attendance of 50 pupils. The Kiowa, Co- 

 manche, and Apache agency includes 2,918 

 Indians. These tribes had heretofore refused 

 to allow their children to go to school, but the 

 agent now reported that a school had been es- 

 tablished and had an average attendance of 

 60 pupils, of whom 28 were Kiowas, 16 Co- 

 manches, and 16 Apaches. The Indians had 

 cultivated considerable crops of corn during 

 the summer. This is said to be their first at- 

 tempt at agriculture. 



Superintendent Haag reports the following 

 general statistics of the progress of civiliza- 

 tion in the superintendency : Population, 15,- 

 622 ; number of schools, 15 ; of scholars, 836 ; 

 of Indians who wear citizen's dress, 3,753; of 



