GERMANY. 



355 



to the effect that the most influential portion 

 of the French nation accept the results of the 

 late war, and that the foreign policy of the 

 country is likely to remain unchanged. 



The friendly relations between Germany and 

 Italy continued, and were strengthened by a 

 visit paid by the Emperor and the crown- 

 prince to Italy (see ITALY). 



The German Government, on January 6th, 

 ordered the gunboats Albatros and Nautilus 

 back to Santander. It also published the docu- 

 ments sent by the German consulate in Bay- 

 onne relating to the depositions of the crew 

 of the Rostock brig Gustav. These confirmed 

 the* announcement that the Carlists fired upon 

 the ship, and rendered it impossible to lower 

 the third anchor. The documents further 

 showed that the sailors, when able to proceed 

 to the vessel two days later, found the cargo 

 landed, and even their private lockers de- 

 spoiled of all wearing-apparel and valuable 

 articles. At the same time a Carlist officer 

 who spoke German again attempted to induce 

 them to sign a document stating that the brig 

 had not been fired upon by the Carlists, and 

 that the latter had treated the crew well. As 

 a final act of reparation for the Gustav out- 

 rage, the Spanish commander at Guetaria, on 

 April 28th, on the arrival of the German fleet 

 off that port, fired a salute of twenty-one guns 

 with due ceremony, as agreed upon. 



On August 17th the colossal statue of Her- 

 mann, the ancient German hero, who, in 9 

 A. D., delivered Germany from the rule of the 

 Romans, was unveiled near Detmold, the capi- 

 tal of the principality of Lippe-Detmold, before 

 an immense concourse of people. The Em- 

 peror William and the crown-prince were 

 present. The unveiling of the statue was the 

 occasion of a grand national festival, which was 

 celebrated not only throughout Germany, but 

 even by the Germans in all foreign countries. 

 The statue is a remarkable work of art, and 

 owes its completion solely to the devoted 

 patriotism and the perseverance of Herr von 

 Bandel, the sculptor. Ninety feet high from 

 the point of the uplifted sword to the legionary 

 eagle trodden under foot by the victor, this 

 gigantic Hermann in form and countenance is 

 intended to impersonate the manly vigor, frank- 

 ness, and strength attributed to the ancient Ger- 

 mans by their Roman enemies. His costume, 

 being the old Saxon tunic, with bearskin man- 

 tle and helmet, leaves arms and legs uncovered, 

 and gives full effect to the huge proportions of 

 this the tallest figure erected since the Rhodian 

 Colossus. The circular cupola temple which 

 forms the pedestal is 89 feet high, and is sup- 

 ported by a foundation 66 feet in diameter. 

 The figure, being of chased copper, derives 

 solidity from a complicated system of iron tubes 

 placed in the interior of the body. The copper 

 used in making the statue weighs 237 cwt., the 

 iron 1,133 cwt. In the open temple which 

 forms the base is a bronze haut-relief of the 

 German Emperor, and sundry German and 



Latin inscriptions commemorate the reign in 

 which the monument was completed. The 

 German inscriptions chiefly refer to the last 

 war, which established unity and revived the 

 empire, while a Latin legend contains the well- 

 known words of Tacitfhs, in which Hermann is 

 described as the only one who had the courage 

 to attack Rome, and the strength to defeat her 

 when at the height of her power. The statue 

 crowns the dome of a handsome semi-Gothic 

 structure, which Yon Bandel found necessary 

 to erect in order to raise the monument high 

 up above the crests of the trees. This sub- 

 structure reaches a height of 93 feet ; the figure 

 itself, i>p to the point of the sword, being 90 

 feet high, the entire monument is therefore 

 183 feet in height. This temple-like structure 

 has a diameter at its base of 70 feet. The 

 figure of Hermann stands erect, holding high 

 in his right hand a ponderous sword, measuring 

 24 feet in length, his left resting upon a shield, 

 bearing the simple inscription, "Treufest!" 

 " True and Firm." On the sword is an inscrip- 

 tion, which reads in German : " Deutsche Ei- 

 nigkeit meine Starke ; Meine Starke Deutsch- 

 lands Macht " or in English : " German unity 

 my strength ; my strength Germany's might." 

 The hero is clad in a close-fitting tunic, trimmed 

 with fur ; the arms are bare, the limbs are in 

 close-fitting hose and shoes of untanned leath- 

 er. A long mantle clasped on the breast falls 

 gracefully over the shoulders, the head is 

 covered with a winged helmet, the foot treads 

 on the Roman eagle. The head of Hermann 

 is a noble work, full of majesty and power, the 

 features stern yet German, " terrible in war, 

 gentle in peace; " the long flowing hair is ap- 

 parently caught up and held fast beneath the 

 pressure of the helmet. Von Bandel has not 

 of course been able to give a portrait but 

 rather an ideal Hermann ; or, as he better ex- 

 presses it, he would symbolize Hermann's great 

 deed, the " raising of the German sword 

 against Rome." 



The anniversary of the surrender of Sedan, 

 September 2d, was observed throughout Ger- 

 many as a holiday andMay of general rejoicing. 

 A large portion of the Catholic population, 

 following the advice given by the bishops, took 

 no part in the celebration. 



The Government of Italy gave notice of the 

 termination of the commercial treaty concluded 

 between the Zollverein and Italy, on Decem- 

 ber 31, 1865, and the treaty of navigation be- 

 tween the North-German Confederation and 

 Italy, of October 14, 1867. 



The number of trials for offenses of the press 

 was very large. Some of them are interesting 

 illustrations of the German press laws. Julius 

 Lang was condemned at Munich to six months' 

 imprisonment for the much-talked-of article 

 entitled "Die Revolution von Oben," in which 

 allusion was made to crowned revolutionists 

 who ought to be punished, banished, or exe- 

 cuted. The public prosecutor contended that 

 this passage referred to the German Emperor, 



