GREAT BRITAIN. 





357 



eral, born in 1808 ; died March 7, 1875. He 

 entered the army in 1826, and having served 

 with distinction in China, under Lord Saltoun, 

 he went to India. He commanded the Ninth 

 Lancers during the whole of the Sikh wars of 

 1848-'49, and took a prominent part in sup- 

 pressing the Sepoy mutiny of 1857-'58. In 

 1860 he commanded the military forces in the 

 war with China, at the close of which he was 

 made a G. 0. B. 



GREAT BRITAIN", a kingdom of Western 

 Europe. The Queen, Victoria, was born May 

 24, 1819. She is a daughter of Prince Edward, 

 Duke of Kent, the fourth son of George III. ; 

 succeeded her uncle William IV. as Queen of 

 Great Britain in 1837 ; married, in 1840, Prince 

 Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 



Children of the Queen. 1. Princess Victo- 

 ria, born November 21, 1840; married to the 

 Crown-Prince of Germany. 2. Prince Albert 

 Edward, heir - apparent, born November 9, 

 1841 ; married, in 1863, to Princess Alexandra, 

 daughter of King Christian IX. of Denmark. 

 Issue, two sons and three daughters; eldest 

 son, Albert Victor, born January 8, 1864. 3. 

 Princess Alice, born April 25, 1843; married, 

 in 1862, to Prince Ludwig of Hesse. 4. Prince 

 Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, born August 6, 

 1844; married, in 1874, to the Grand-duchess 

 Marie of Russia. He is heir-apparent to the 

 Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 5. Princess He- 

 lena, born May 25, 1846 ; married, in 1866, to 

 Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Spn- 

 derburg - Augustenburg. 6. Princess Louise, 

 born March 18, 1848 ; married, in 1871, to the 

 Marquis of Lome. 7. Prince Arthur, Duke 

 of Connaught, born May 1, 1850. 8. Prince 

 Leopold, born April 7, 1853. 9. Princess Bea- 

 trice, born April 14, 1857. 



The cabinet was composed as follows in 

 1875 : First Lord of the Treasury, Rt. Hon. 

 Benjamin Disraeli; Lord High Chancellor, Rt. 

 Hon. Lord Cairns; Lord President of the Coun- 

 cil, Rt. Hon. Duke of Richmond ; Lord Privy 

 Seal, Rt. Hon. Earl of Malmesbury ; Chancel- 

 lor of the Exchequer, Rt. Hon. Sir S. H. North- 

 cote, Bart. 



Secretaries of State. 1. Home Department, 

 Rt. Hon. R. A. Cross ; 2. Foreign Affairs, Rt. 

 Hon. Earl of Derby; 3. Colonies, Rt. Hon. 

 Earl of Carnarvon; 4. War, Rt. Hon. G. Har- 

 dy ; 5. India, Rt. Hon. Marquis of Salisbury ; 

 First Lord of the Admiralty, Rt. Hon. George 

 Ward Hunt; Postmaster-General, Rt. Hon. 

 Lord John J. R. Manners. 



Parliament is composed of two Houses, the 

 House of Lords and the House of Commons. 

 The number of peers in 1875 was 486. Of 

 these, 5 were princes of the blood-royal, 2 arch- 

 bishops, 21 dukes, 20 marquesses, 129 earls, 32 

 viscounts, 24 bishops, and 253 barons. The 

 number includes 16 Scottish and 28 Irish rep- 

 resentative peers. The former are elected for 

 the duration of Parliament, the latter for life. 

 The Speaker of the House of Lords is Lord 

 Cairns, the Lord High Chancellor. The mem- 



bers of the House of Commons are elected by 

 the people. The number of electors on the 

 register in 1875 was 2,305,094 in England and 

 Wales, 289,789 in Scotland, and 232,874 in 

 Ireland. 



The following table gives the area and popu- 

 lation of the British Empire, according to the 

 latest official statements and estimates : 



The above table somewhat differs from the 

 last official statement on the area and popula- 

 tion of the British Empire (the census of 

 England and Wales, vol. iv., 1873), as it con- 

 tains territories not enumerated in the official 

 census, and in some cases later figures. . 



The following table gives the area and popu- 

 lation of the civil counties (as distinguished 

 from "union" or "registration" counties) of 

 the United Kingdom : 



