GURNEY, GOLDSWORTHY. 



HARRIS, IRA. 



381 



friendship with Lamartine and Girardin, and 

 joined the editorial staff of the Presse, in which 

 position he soon distinguished himself by his 

 able treatment of the questions of the day. In 

 1850 M. de Lamartine made him editor-in- 

 chief of his new journal, Le Pays, in which he 

 published a series of political articles, creating 

 great excitement at the time. They directed 

 the attention of Louis Napoleon to him, who 

 made him a secretary in his cabinet, placed 

 him at the head of the bureau of the press, and 

 intrusted to him the publication of the cele- 

 brated pamphlet on the Italian and the Roman 

 question which preceded and followed the War 

 of 1859. He was rewarded with a seat in the 

 Council of State, and afterward in the Senate. 

 In 1862 he went over to the Liberals and 

 founded La France as the organ of the Liberal 

 senators. But, seeing that nothing was to be 

 gained by this course, he left his new asso- 

 ciates and asked for an appointment in the di- 

 plomatic service. Thus the last years of Na- 

 poleon's reign found him an embassador at the 



courts of Brussels and Constantinople. After 

 the Revolution of 1870 he retired from the 

 public service and devoted himself to literary 

 labors. 



GURNEY, Sir GOLDSWOETHT, Knt., an Eng- 

 lish inventor, born in 1793 ; died February 28, 

 1875. Having studied medicine, he soon turned 

 his attention to chemistry. From a " Course 

 of Lectures on Chemical Science, delivered at 

 the Surrey Institution in 1822" (1823), it ap- 

 pears that he first discovered the lime and 

 magnesium lights. He also discovered several 

 other lights, and made various discoveries in 

 steam, by which he was enabled in 1829 to 

 drive a steam-carriage from London to Bath 

 on the turnpike-road. His high-pressure steam- 

 jet has been applied to various uses, with sig- 

 nal success. In locomotives, it increased the 

 speed almost threefold, and in coal-mines has 

 been used successfully to ventilate them, and 

 to extinguish fires which had been burning for 

 many years. He was raised to the knighthood 

 in 1863. 



H 



HACKETT, HOKATIO BALCH, D.D., a dis- 

 tinguished American Biblical scholar, was born 

 at Salisbury, Mass., December 27, 1808, and 

 died at Rochester, N. Y., November 2, 1875. 

 He graduated at Amherst College in 1830, 

 studied theology at Andover, Mass., and after- 

 ward at Halle and Berlin. On his return 

 from Germany, having changed his views of 

 baptism, he was ordained as a Baptist clergy- 

 man. He was Professor of Ancient Languages 

 in Brown University from 1835 to 1839, when 

 he became Professor of Biblical Literature in 

 Newton Theological Institution, Mass. In 1869 

 he resigned his professorship at Newton, and in 

 1 870 became Professor of New Testament Greek 

 in the Rochester Theological Seminary. He 

 published Plutarch's " De Sera Numinis Vindic- 

 ta," with notes, of which there have been two 

 editions ; the first appeared in 1844 (Andover) ; 

 a translation of "Winer's " Chaldee Grammar," 

 with additions (1845); "Hebrew Exercises" 

 (1847); "Commentary on the Acts" (Boston, 

 1851); new edition, enlarged (1858); "Illus- 

 trations of Scripture " (1855) ; " Translation of 

 the Epistle to Philemon, with Notes" (1860); 

 "Memorials of Christian Men in the War" 

 (1864). He also translated, for Dr. Schaff's 

 edition of Lange's "Commentaries," Van Oos- 

 terzee's "Philemon" and Braune's "Philip- 

 pians." Dr. Hackett contributed articles to 

 the North American Review and the Christian 

 Review, to Dr. William Smith's Classical and 

 Bible Dictionaries, and, with Dr. Ezra Abbott, 

 edited the enlarged and corrected American 

 edition of Smith's "Dictionary of the Bible." 

 He also edited an American edition of Raw- 

 linson's "Historical Illustrations of the Old 

 Testament." He is said to have translated 



or revised parts of Dr. Conant's translation 

 of the Scriptures as issued by the American 

 Bible Union. In 1858-'59 he resided several 

 months at Athens, 'in order to study modern 

 Greek. He made three tours through Pales- 

 tine and other parts of the East. Dr. Hackett 

 was a member of the American company of 

 revisers of Scripture cooperating with the Brit- 

 ish revisers. 



HARPER, Jornr, senior member of the 

 firm of Harper Brothers, died on April 22d, 

 aged 78 years. He was born at Newtown, Long 

 Island, January 22, 1797. His father was a 

 substantial farmer. At the age of sixteen he 

 went to .New York City to learn the art of 

 printing. In 1817 he and his brother James 

 formed a partnership under the title of J. & J. 

 Harper, and, with some aid from their father, 

 commenced business in Dover Street. Here he 

 became an excellent compositor and accurate 

 proof-reader. In 1839 the firm being enlarged, 

 and taking the name of Harper Brothers, John 

 Harper was made financial manager. In 1853, 

 after the fire of December 10th, which burned 

 the establishment, John Harper planned and 

 designed all parts of their present fire-proof 

 edifices. After the death of his brothers James 

 and Joseph Wesley, in 1869 and 1870, he re- 

 tired from the more active duties of the firm. 



HARRIS, Hon. IRA, a judge and Senator, 

 died at Albany, N. Y., December 2, 1875. He 

 was born in Charleston, Montgomery County, 

 N. Y., May 31, 1802. He was descended from 

 one of the first colonists of Rhode Island, on his 

 father's side, while his maternal ancestry were 

 from Scotland. Until seventeen he did farm- 

 work during the summer, and attended school 

 in winter. In 1815 he entered Courtlaud 



