406 



ITALY. 



January, 1875, to a nominal capital of 9,883,- 

 589 226 lire, divided as follows: 



Lire. 



1. Kentes, 5 per cent 6,902,712,918 



2. Bentes, 3 per cent 213,602,681 



3 Perpetual rents of the Papal See 64,500,000 



4. Special debts 1,183,280,045 



5. Miscellaneous debts (including unpaid in- 



terest) 406,472,450 



Bank-notes in circulation, December 31, 1873. 198.029,100 



Conto correntes 84,991,942 



Notes of National Bank which are legal tenders 880,000,000 



Total 9,883,589,126 



The budgets and debts of the communities 

 and provinces are given in the following table : 



The strength of the Italian Army, on July 1, 

 1875, was as follows : 



The navy consisted, on September 1, 1875, 

 of the following classes of vessels (in lire) : 



The movement of the special foreign trade, 

 from 1871 to 1874, was as follows (in lire) : 



The movement of navigation, in 1873, is ex- 

 hibited by the following table : 



On January 25th Signor Oairoli, a member 

 of the Left, moved in the Chamber of Deputies 

 a vote of censure against the ministry on ac- 

 count of the arrests made in the Villa Raffi ; 

 but the Chamber rejected the motion by the 

 large majority of 232 yeas against 121 nays. 

 On February 13th a similar motion, introduced 

 by the same deputy, to censure the ministry 

 for having influenced the elections, was also 

 negatived by 147 against 100 votes. 



After a long discussion on the death-penalty, 

 the Italian Senate, on February 25th, declared 

 by 73 against 36 votes in favor of the article 

 of the new criminal code which retains the 

 penalty. A motion to exempt Tuscany, where 

 the death-penalty has been abolished for about 

 twenty years, was negatived, on the ground 

 that there must be a uniformity of laws through- 

 out the kingdom. An amendment was, how- 

 ever, adopted which provides that the penalty 

 shall no longer be publicly inflicted. 



On March 15th the Minister of Finance pre- 

 sented the budget for 1875, and the prelimi- 

 nary budget for 1876. He expressed the hope 

 that he would succeed in establishing in 1876 

 a complete balance between revenue and ex- 

 penditure. 



On April 5th the Emperor of Austria paid a 

 visit to the King of Italy at Venice. The re- 

 ception given to the Emperor, not only on the 

 part of the royal family, but of the entire pop- 

 ulation, was most enthusiastic. The Italian 

 journals generally regarded the meeting of the 

 two monarchs with much satisfaction, and de- 

 clared that the friendship of Italy and Austria 

 was one of the foundations of the peace of Eu- 

 rope. The ministers of the two countries who 

 accompanied the monarchs discussed the basis 

 of a new commercial treaty. 



At the beginning of May the Chamber of 

 Deputies was the scene of violent debates on 

 the relations between church and state. On 

 May 4th Signor Vigliani, the Minister of Jus- 

 tice, replied to an interpellation submitted by 

 Signor Mancini respecting the relations be- 

 tween church and state. He said the question 

 of the honorable member was an impeachment 

 of the ecclesiastical policy of the ministry. 

 The accusation was only based upon supposi- 

 tions which he showed to be unfounded, and 

 upon censures directed against the Papal guar- 

 antee law a legislative act which was in har- 

 mony with the exceptional position occupied 

 by Italy. In conclusion, the minister stated 

 that the sole aim of the cabinet was to regu- 

 late the relations between the two powers in 

 accordance with the existing law. Signor Man- 

 cini maintained his views, and moved an order 

 of the day calling upon the ministry to de- 

 fend the dignity of the nation, the laws and the 

 rights of the state, and to bring in immediately 

 a bill regulating the tenure of ecclesiastical 

 property on the basis of liberty for the lower 

 ranks of the clergy and the laity. After being 

 continued for several days, the debate termi- 

 nated in the adoption of an order of the day, 



