540 



NEW BRUNSWICK. 



NEWFOUNDLAND. 



voters, who must also be male British subjects 

 and twenty-one years of age. The judicial 

 power is vested in a Supreme Court, consisting 

 of a Chief-Justice and four Associate Justices, 

 who hold circuit courts in each county, county 

 and probate courts, and justices of the peace. 

 The court of divorce and matrimonial causes 

 is held by a single judge, and there are a Vice- 

 Admiralty Court with a judge and deputy judge, 

 and a court for the trial and punishment of 

 piracy and other offenses on the high-seas, 

 consisting of the Lieutenant-Governor, Judges 

 of the Supreme Court, and other officials. The 

 Provincial Lunatic Asylum at St. John has 

 about two hundred and fifty inmates. The 

 latest financial statement is as follows: 



Balance in the Treasury on October 31, 

 1873, $151,400.38 ; receipts for the year 

 1873-'74, $591,464.59, including $516,155 from 

 the Dominion Government ; expenditures, 

 $589,793.61, including $12,749 for agriculture, 

 $60,607 for executive, legislative, and judicial 

 departments, $22,000 for immigration, $25,000 

 for Lunatic Asylum, $7,208 for public health, 

 $10,587 for public printing, $201,264 for roads, 

 $8,844 for university, $20,000 for bridges, and 

 $19,000 for steam-navigation ; balance in Treas- 

 ury October 31, 1874, $153,071.36. 



The religious statistics, according to the cen- 

 sus of 1871, are as follows : 



the province. The following table exhibits 

 the yield of the fisheries in 1874 : 



A system of free public schools was estab- 

 lished by an act of 1871. These schools are 

 under the general supervision of a Chief Super- 

 intendent of Education for the province, with 

 a county inspector for each county and boards 

 of trustees for the several districts, and are 

 supported by a provincial grant and a county 

 tax equal to thirty cents per head, supple- 

 mented by a local tax, which includes a poll- 

 tax of one dollar per head. The expenditures 

 from the provincial Treasury for school pur- 

 poses during the year ending April 30, 1874, 

 were $122,067.69. The number of schools in 

 operation during the summer term ending 

 October 31, 1874, was 1,049, with 1,077 teach- 

 ers and 45,539 pupils ; number in attendance 

 some portion of the year ending on that date, 

 60,467; number of school-districts, 1,392; 

 number of schoolhouses, 1,050. 



There is a Provincial Training and Model 

 School at Fredericton. The most important 

 higher institutions of learning are the Uni- 

 versity of New Brunswick at Fredericton, 

 Mount Allison Wesleyan College at Sackville, 

 and St. Joseph's College at Memramcook. 

 There are 455 miles of railroad in operation in 



NEWFOUNDLAND, the only British North 

 American colony not included in the Dominion 

 of Canada, comprises the island of the same 

 name, and the coast of Labrador from Blanc 

 Sablon Bay (latitude 51 25' north, longitude 

 57 9' west), at the western entrance of the 

 Strait of Belle Isle to Cape Chudleigh (latitude 

 60 37 ; north, longitude 65 west), at the east- 

 ern entrance of Hudson Strait, a distance of 800 

 miles. The island lies at the mouth of the 

 Gulf of St. Lawrence, between latitudes 46 37' 

 and 51 40 ; north, and longitudes 52 40' and 

 59 31' west, and is separated from Labrador 

 on the northwest by the Strait of Belle Isle, 

 12 miles wide. Its length north and south, 

 near the fifty-sixth meridian, is 325 miles, and 

 near the fifty-fourth meridian 180 miles; its 

 width varies from about 45 miles north of the 

 fiftieth parallel to 310 miles between Cape Ray 

 and St. John's ; area, 40,200 square miles. The 

 portion extending north from Cape St. John 

 on the northeast coast around the northern 

 extremity of the island, and thence south to 

 Cape Eay, a distance of about 450 miles,- on 

 which the French under treaties have the right 

 to fish, is known as the "French Shore;" the 

 remainder, extending from Cape Ray east and 

 north to Cape St. John, a distance of about 

 610 miles, is divided into electoral districts or 

 divisions, each returning one or more members 

 to the Assembly. The population nowhere ex- 

 tends far inland, and the greater portion of the 

 inhabitants are settled on the peninsula of 

 Avalon and in the adjacent districts at the 

 southeastern extremity of the island. The per- 

 manent population in 1763 was about 7,500; 

 in 1804, 20,000 ; since which time it has in- 

 creased rapidly. The number of inhabitants in 

 1836 was 75,096; in 1845, 96,606; in 1857, 

 124,288. The inhabitants are chiefly immi- 

 grants, or the descendants of immigrants, from 

 England and Ireland. The aborigines of New- 

 foundland, who called themselves Beoths, and 



