PALMER, CHRISTIAN VOK 



PARAGUAY. 



613 



Emperor did not keep his agreement, Captain 

 Osborn resigned, and again entered the British 

 Navy. He wrote, besides his diary, "The 

 Career, Last Voyage, and Fate of Sir John 

 Franklin" (1860); " The Past and Future of 



British Relations in China " (1860) ; " A Cruise 

 in Japanese Waters " (1859) ; and "The Fight 

 on the Peiho " (1865). He also contributed a 

 large number of articles to the Journal of the 

 Royal Geographical Society. 



PALMER, CHRISTIAN VON, a German theolo- 

 gian, born January 27, 1811 ; died May 29, 

 1875. He studied at the University of Tubin- 

 gen, became dean of the principal church in 

 Tubingen in 1851, and in 1852 was appointed 

 professor in the university. He wrote "Evan- 

 gelische Homiletik " (1842, fifth edition, 1867); 

 " Evangelische Katechetik" (1844, sixth edi- 

 tion, 1875) ; " Evangelische Padagogik " (1852, 

 third edition, 1861) ; " Evangelische Pastoral- 

 theologie" (1860, second edition, 1863); "Die 

 Moral desChristenthums" (1864); and "Geist- 

 liches und Weltliches fur gebildete christliche 

 Leser" (1873). 



PARAGUAY (REPUBLICS DEL PAEAGUAY), a 

 country of South America, comprised between 

 latitude 21 57' and 27 30' south, and longi- 

 tude 54 33' and 58 40' west. It is bounded 

 on the north and northeast by Brazil, on the 

 southeast, south, and southwest, by the Ar- 

 gentine Republic, and on the northwest by 

 Bolivia. 



Detailed information respecting the territo- 

 rial extent,* population, etc., will be found in 

 the ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA for 1874. 



The President of the Republic is Sefior Don 

 Juan Bautista Gil, in office since November 25, 

 1874. The Vice-President is Sefior Don Higi- 

 nio Uriarte, and the cabinet is cpmposed of the 

 following ministers: Interior, Sefior Don G. 

 Serrano ; Foreign Affairs, Dr. F. Machain ; Fi- 

 nances, Sefior Don E. Gil; Justice and Public 

 "Worship, General B. Caballero ; and War, Gen- 

 eral P. Esc6bar. 



The army, with a strength of 2,000 men, 

 comprised two battalions of infantry, one regi- 

 ment of light artillery, and two regiments of 

 horse ; but, owing to the embarrassed condi- 

 tion of the national finances, the strength has, 

 according to report, been reduced to four hun- 

 dred men. 



The amount and various branches of the na- 

 tional revenue, and of the national expendi- 

 ture, are shown in the following tables : 



REVENUE. 



Custom-house receipts $563,456 



Stamped paper 21,563 



Licenses 12,983 



Post-office : 1,738 



Sale of Government lands 203,649 



Sundries 63,324 



Total $856,713 



* In the time of Lopez, Paraguay was divided into twenty 

 departments. 



EXPENDITURE. 



Legislative Chambers $101,487 



Ministry of the Interior 499,721 



" of Foreign Affairs 58,585 



" of Public Worship, etc 81,727 



" of Finance 91786 



" ofWar 815,123 



Foreign debt 1,335,586 



Home debt 160,693 



Incidental expenses 27,572 



Total $3,172,130 



Deficit $2,315,417. 



In the estimated budget for 1875, the expen- 

 diture, exclusive of the expenses of the lega- 

 tions at Rio de Janeiro and London, the in- 

 terest on the home and foreign debts, the main- 

 tenance of the army, etc., stood as follows : 



Legislative Chambers $64,080 



Executive, etc 45,180 



Ministry of the Interior 110.280 



" of Foreign Affairs 9^300 



" ofFinance 42,864 



" of Public Worship, etc 103,776 



" of War 82,806 



Total $458,266 



In view of the enormous deficit resulting 

 from the comparison of the above tables of the 

 revenue and expenditure for 1874, it will not 

 be regarded as matter of surprise that the legis- 

 lative body, before closing its session, on Janu- 

 ary 23, 1875, and after having signified its ap- 

 proval of the foregoing budget of expenditure, 

 authorized the issue of $2,500,000 Paraguayan 

 consols. 



An article published in an Asuncion news- 

 paper early in the year, and reproduced in 

 part by a London sheet in May, represented 

 the financial and commercial condition of the 

 republic not only as unfavorable at the time, 

 but likely to become still worse before long 

 utter impoverishment of the country ; absolute 

 emptiness of the coffers of the Treasury ; ab- 

 sence of credit upon which to raise elements 

 of relief; an insignificant foreign commerce; 

 and people devoid of enterprise. In view of 

 such a state of national penury, the Paraguayan 

 writer loudly protests against the maintenance 

 of a costly and useless diplomatic agency in 

 London. 



Some foreign journals echoed the report of 

 a proposed reduction of the number of repre- 

 sentatives to ten and of senators to five. 



In the matter of the foreign debt, which 

 weighs so heavily upon this distracted republic, 

 and a full statement of which is contained in 

 the ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1874, nothing of 

 particular interest transpired during the year. 



