616 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



passed in September, 1871, for the final but 

 .gradual abolition of slavery in the empire, and 

 the hitherto successful endeavor to supersede 

 African labor by attracting European immi- 

 grants to the Brazilian shores. 



For the measures adopted by his Majesty 

 relative to archiepiscopal disregard of the 

 laws in 1874, reference may be made to the 

 article BRAZIL in the ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA for 

 that year. 



On September 4, 1843, Dom Pedro II. 

 was married to the Empress Donna Theresa 

 Christina Maria, born March 14, 1822, daugh- 

 ter of the late Francis I., King of the Two 

 Sicilies. The only surviving issue of that union 

 is the Princess Imperial Isabella Christina 

 Leopoldina Augustina Michelle Gabrielle Ra- 

 phaella Gonzaga, born July 29, 1846, and 

 married October 15, 1864, to Louis, Count 

 d'Eu. 



In 1860 the Emperor made an extended 

 tour through the empire; and in 1867 he 

 opened the navigation of the Amazon to the 

 vessels of all nations. In 1871-'72 he visited 

 England and the Continent of Europe ; and is 

 expected to visit the United States on the oc- 

 casion of the Centennial Exhibition at Phila- 

 delphia in the course of 1876. 



His Imperial Majesty is of an extremely ac- 

 tive disposition ; he is said to be an excellent 

 horseman, and assiduous in athletic exercises. 

 When in Rio de Janeiro, he is constantly to be 

 seen in public ; and twice in each week he re- 

 ceives his subjects, and foreigners, never fail- 

 ing to captivate both by his courteous manners. 

 He speaks and writes the English, French, 

 German, Spanish, and Italian languages with 

 fluency and elegance ; he was elected member 

 of the Geographical Society of Paris in 1868, 

 and Corresponding Member of the French 

 Academy of Sciences in 1875 ; and is a liberal 

 patron of letters, the arts and sciences, and of 

 every branch of industry and commerce. Dur- 

 ing his reign and through his influence Brazil 

 has steadily grown in power and importance ; 

 the national finances are in a prosperous con- 

 dition ; railways have been built ; marine and 

 terrestrial telegraphs extended in every direc- 

 tion ; fluvial navigation promoted and extend- 

 ed ; slavery abolished ; internal improvements 

 actively carried on ; and free education ren- 

 dered almost universal throughout the em- 

 pire. 



PENNSYLVANIA. The receipts into the 

 Treasury during the year ended June 30, 1875, 

 were $6,480,100, and the disbursements $6,541,- 

 443, including $3,806,769 ordinary expenses, 

 $1,335,498 loans redeemed, $1,399,176 interest 

 on loans. The balance in the Treasury, Novem- 

 ber 30th, was $993,207. The indebtedness of 

 the State is as follows : 



UNFUNDED DEBT. 



Belief-notes in circulation $96,184 00 



Interest certificates outstanding 13,088 54 



Interest certificates unclaimed 4,448 88 



Domestic creditors 1 certificates 25 00 



Chambersburg certificates outstanding 9,620 90 



Chambersburg certificates unclaimed 199 84 



$123,516 16 

 SINKING-FUND ASSETS. 



Bonds of Pennsylvania Kailroad Company, 

 $5,300,000, representing an indebtedness, Jan- 

 uary 1,.1876, as per schedule on file in office of 

 State treasurer $5,132,544 36 



Bonds of Alleghany Valley Kailroad Company . . 3,400,000 00 



$8,532,544 86 

 Cash in sinking-fund November 80, 1875 934,028 49 



Total assets $9,466,572 85 



Total public debt 23,233,187 74 



Indebtedness unprovided for $13,766,564 89 



During the year $1,335,497 of the debt was 

 redeemed. 



By virtue of a constitutional amendment, the 

 sinking-fund was created for the purpose of 

 gradually reducing the public debt at a time 

 when it exceeded $40,000,T)00. An annual re- 

 duction of $250,000 and the payment of inter- 

 est of the entire debt were its only require- 

 ments. During the past eleven years the an- 

 nual reduction of the debt has averaged nearly 

 $1,500,000. On the 1st of December, 1864, 

 the debt amounted to $39,379,603; December 

 1, 1875, it was $23,233,137, showing a total 

 reduction during this period of $16,146,466. 



In regard to the insufficiency of the appro- 

 priations to meet the expenses of the State gov- 

 ernment, Governor Hartranft says : 



The appropriations made for the fiscal year ending 

 November 30, 1875, exceeded the receipts of the gen- 

 eral revenue fund $515,820.22, and with like appro- 

 priations and receipts the deficit for this year would 

 be doubled. It is estimated, however, that the reve- 

 nue of this year will be $500,000 less than that of 

 last year, which would make the deficiency at the 

 end of the current fiscal year about $1,500,000, unless 

 the appropriations can be reduced. The appropria- 

 tions are already made for that part of the fiscal year 

 embraced between December 1, 1875, and June 1, 

 1876. Moreover, the principal appropriations, such 

 as for schools and the ordinary expenses of the gov- 

 ernment, are fixed hy the constitution or hy law, 

 except those for public charities, and these will de- 

 mand unusually large amounts at this session by 

 reason of their failure to receive anything at the last. 

 It is manifest, therefore, that the appropriations can- 

 not be materially reduced, and the deficiency must be 

 provided for either by the imposition of new taxes 

 or the diversion into the general fund of some of the 

 revenue now flowing into the sinking-fund. To levy 

 new taxes at a time when the business and indus- 

 trial interests are prostrated would be unwise and a 

 great hardship, and would justly meet with public 

 condemnation. The necessity, therefore, of the re- 

 distribution of the revenue is obviously a duty that 

 is urgent, and demands your immediate attention. 



FUNDED DEBT. 



Six per 'cent, loan $18.153,380 00 



Five per cent, loan 4 869 241 58 



Four-and-a-half per cent, loan 87 000 00 



The public schools of the State are in a 

 prosperous condition. Ten years ago the 

 Commonwealth had 1,743 graded schools ; 

 there are now 5,625. During this period the 

 value of school property has increased from 

 $564,088 to $2,159,415. In 1865 the Stato 

 $23,109,621 58 expended upon her public schools $3,613,238, 



