PENNSYLVANIA. 



619 



Governor, John F. Hartranft (Rep.) ; Lieuten- 

 ant-Governor, John Latta (Dem.) ; Auditor- 

 General, Justus F. Temple (Dem.); Secretary 

 of Federal Affairs, William McOandless (Dem.) ; 

 Secretary of the Commonwealth, M. 8. Quay 

 (Rep.) ; Insurance Commissioner, J. Mont- 

 gomery Forster (Dem.); State Treasurer, Hen- 

 ry Rawle (Rep.) ; Superintendent of Public 

 Instruction, James 0. Wickersham (Rep.). 

 The Legislature is classified as follows : 



The State is represented in the United States 

 Senate by Simon Cameron (Rep.), whose term 

 of office will expire March 3, 1879, and William 

 A. Wallace (Dem.), whose term will expire 

 March 3, 1881. 



According to the census of 1870, the mineral 

 products of Pennsylvania were valued at nearly 

 half of those of the entire United States. The 

 extent of the mining industry in that year is 

 shown in the following statement; 



The amount of anthracite coal produced was 

 15,650,275 tons, and of bituminous coal 7,798,- 

 518 tons; iron-ore, 1, 095,486 tons ; petroleum, 

 171,207,622 gallons. The most extensive and 

 valuable coal-mines in America are in Pennsyl- 

 vania. The coal-fields cover an area of 12,774 

 square miles, including the anthracite basin of 

 470 square miles in Eastern Pennsylvania. Of 

 the sixty-six counties of the State, twenty- 

 four in the southeast part and Erie in the 

 northwest contain no coal. The anthracite 

 beds are chiefly in Dauphin, Schuylkill, Car- 

 bon, and Luzerne Counties, and extend into 

 Northumberland and Columbia Counties ; semi- 

 anthracite coal is found in Dauphin, Sullivan, 

 and Wyoming Counties. Bradford, Lycoming, 

 Tioga, Huntingdon, Bedford, and Fulton, con- 

 tain detached fields of semi-bituminous coal. 

 Forty-one counties in the north and northwest- 

 ern part of the State produce bituminous coal. 

 In Mercer County, on the western border, are 

 deposits of the most valuable coal in the United 

 States. It is a species of semi-cannel coal, 



with a slaty structure, and a dull, jet-black 

 lustre, with a thickness of from three to four 

 feet. It is known as block-coal, and is special- 

 ly adapted to the smelting of iron. The an- 

 nual production is about 500,000 tons. The 

 number of anthracite collieries in 1875 was 

 437; shafts, 91; slopes, 293; drifts and tun- 

 nels, 290. The amount of anthracite coal an- 

 nually mined in 1872, 1873, and 1874, was as 

 follows : 



Of this product, 18,932,265 tons were sent to 

 market in 1872, 19,585,178 in 1873, and 18,- 

 537,888 in 1874, the remainder in each year 

 being the estimated home consumption. The 

 production of bituminous coal was 4,741,367 

 tons in 1872, and 5,059,769 in 1873. The en- 

 tire production of coal in 1874 was 32,147,040 

 tons, including 21,631,118 of anthracite, 7,712,- 

 461 of bituminous, 2,303,461 of semi-bitumi- 

 nous, and 500,000 of block. Nearly half of all 

 the pig-iron made in the United States is the 

 product of Pennsylvania. The extent of this 

 industry in this State and the United States is 

 as follows: 



Of the product of Pennsylvania in 1873, 913,- 

 085 tons were produced in anthracite, 430,634 

 in bituminous coal and coke, and 45,854 in 

 charcoal furnaces. The manufacturing inter- 

 ests of Pennsylvania are of the highest impor- 

 tance. According to the census of 1870, the 

 amount of capital invested in manufactures, 

 and the number of establishments, were larger 

 in Pennsylvania than in any other State, while 

 the value of products was greater than in any 

 other except New York. Large quantities of 

 lumber, chiefly pine, are cut in the northern 

 central part of the State. The leading lumber- 

 markets of the State are Williamsport and 

 Lock Haven on the western branch of the 

 Susquehanna. The shipments of lumber from 

 these two points during the first half of 1873 

 amounted to 159,884,029 feet. On January 1, 

 1874, the estimated amount of lumber at Wil- 

 liamsport comprised 220,961,922 feet of pine, 

 and 19, 872,444 of hemlock, besides large quan- 



