630 



PHILADELPHIA. 



specimens of architecture. The West Arch 

 Street Presbyterian Church is a very handsome 

 and spacious structure in the Eornan-Corinthi- 

 an style ; the West Spruce Street, the Calvary, 

 the Washington Square, and the Second 

 (Twenty-first and Walnut Streets) Presbyte- 

 rian Churches are fine buildings, in various 

 styles. The Eoman Catholic Cathedral of St. 

 Peter and St. Paul, in Eighteenth Street oppo- 

 site Logan Square, erected in 1846-'64, is an 

 imposing specimen of Eoman-Corinthian archi- 

 tecture; it is of red sandstone, 136 feet front 

 by 216 feet deep, and is crowned by a dome 

 210 feet high. The facade consists of a classic 

 pediment upheld by four lofty Corinthian 

 columns, flanked by pilastered wings. The 

 interior is cruciform, and is adorned with fres- 

 coes. At the intersection of Broad and Arch 



INDEPENDENCE HALL. 



Streets are the Arch Street Methodist Episco- 

 pal Church, of white marble ; the First Bap- 

 tist Church, of brown-stone ; and a Lutheran 

 Church, of green serpentine. The Central 

 Congregational Church, in Eighteenth and 

 Green Streets, is a handsome building in the 

 late Norman style. The Beth-Eden Baptist 

 Church, .in Broad and Spruce Streets, is a fine 

 structure, of green serpentine. The Broad 

 Street Synagogue is a handsome though pe- 

 culiar building, of the Saracenic order. 



The most prominent objects of historical in- 

 terest in the city are the Penn Treaty Monument, 

 and Carpenters' and Independence Halls. The 

 monument is at Kensington (formerly Shacka- 

 maxon), and occupies the site of the elm-tree, 

 blown down in 1810, under which, according 

 to tradition, William Penn made his famous 



treaty with the Indians ; it is of stone, and in- 

 significant in appearance. Carpenters' Hall, in 

 Chestnut between Third and Fourth Streets, 

 is the place of meeting of the first Continental 

 Congress in 1774. It was built in 1770 by the 

 Carpenters' Company, which still owns it. It 

 is open to visitors, and has been fitted up to 

 represent its appearance at the time of the 

 Eevolution, and its walls are hung with me- 

 mentoes of that period. 



Independence Hall signifies generally the 

 whole of the old State-House, but more spe- 

 cifically the large eastern room of the lower 

 floor. It was built in 1732-'35. Here the sec- 

 ond Continental Congress adopted the Decla- 

 ration of Independence. In this hall Lafayette 

 had a great public reception in 1824, and in 

 1830 a movement was commenced to restore 

 it to its original condition, and to set 

 it apart "for dignified purposes only." 

 The portraits of the great men of the 

 Revolution were procured, and histor- 

 ical relics were placed there for per- 

 manent preservation. In 1854 the con- 

 solidated city took a renewed interest 

 in it'; the old Independence bell was 

 taken from the tower and placed in 

 the hall, a large number of portraits 

 from the Peale Gallery were hung on 

 the walls, and a keeper was appointed. 

 It is open to visitors. Independence 

 Hall is the centre of a line of ancient 

 buildings, called State -House Eow, 

 those on either side of it being occu- 

 pied by courts and city and county 

 offices. They are on the south side of 

 Chestnut Street, between Fifth and 

 Sixth, fronting on a broad paved side- 

 walk, which is shaded with trees and 

 contains a statue of Washington. 



The United States Arsenal at Frank- 

 ford is devoted to the manufacture of 

 fixed ammunition, all the cartridges for 

 the army being made here. The grounds 

 _ cover 62 acres, are beautifully situated 



and laid out, and are well kept. On 

 Gray's Ferry road,' near the Naval 

 Asylum, is another United States ar- 

 senal, devoted to the manufacture of army 

 clothing. 



LIBERTY BELL. 



There are five small public squares in the 

 original city: Logan Square, at Eighteenth 

 and Eace Streets ; Franklin Square, at Sixth 

 and Eace Streets ; Independence Square, front- 



